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base on :zap: The one-liner node.js http-proxy middleware for connect, express, next.js and more # http-proxy-middleware
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[](https://www.npmjs.com/package/http-proxy-middleware)
Node.js proxying made simple. Configure proxy middleware with ease for [connect](https://github.com/senchalabs/connect), [express](https://github.com/expressjs/express), [next.js](https://github.com/vercel/next.js) and [many more](#compatible-servers).
Powered by the popular Nodejitsu [`http-proxy`](https://github.com/http-party/node-http-proxy). [](https://github.com/http-party/node-http-proxy)
## ⚠️ Note <!-- omit in toc -->
This page is showing documentation for version v3.x.x ([release notes](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/releases))
See [MIGRATION.md](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/blob/master/MIGRATION.md) for details on how to migrate from v2.x.x to v3.x.x
If you're looking for older documentation. Go to:
- <https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/v2.0.4#readme>
- <https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/v0.21.0#readme>
## TL;DR <!-- omit in toc -->
Proxy `/api` requests to `http://www.example.org`
:bulb: **Tip:** Set the option `changeOrigin` to `true` for [name-based virtual hosted sites](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting#Name-based).
```typescript
// typescript
import * as express from 'express';
import type { Request, Response, NextFunction } from 'express';
import { createProxyMiddleware } from 'http-proxy-middleware';
import type { Filter, Options, RequestHandler } from 'http-proxy-middleware';
const app = express();
const proxyMiddleware = createProxyMiddleware<Request, Response>({
target: 'http://www.example.org/api',
changeOrigin: true,
});
app.use('/api', proxyMiddleware);
app.listen(3000);
// proxy and keep the same base path "/api"
// http://127.0.0.1:3000/api/foo/bar -> http://www.example.org/api/foo/bar
```
_All_ `http-proxy` [options](https://github.com/nodejitsu/node-http-proxy#options) can be used, along with some extra `http-proxy-middleware` [options](#options).
## Table of Contents <!-- omit in toc -->
<!-- // spell-checker:disable -->
- [Install](#install)
- [Basic usage](#basic-usage)
- [Express Server Example](#express-server-example)
- [app.use(path, proxy)](#appusepath-proxy)
- [Options](#options)
- [`pathFilter` (string, \[\]string, glob, \[\]glob, function)](#pathfilter-string-string-glob-glob-function)
- [`pathRewrite` (object/function)](#pathrewrite-objectfunction)
- [`router` (object/function)](#router-objectfunction)
- [`plugins` (Array)](#plugins-array)
- [`ejectPlugins` (boolean) default: `false`](#ejectplugins-boolean-default-false)
- [`logger` (Object)](#logger-object)
- [`http-proxy` events](#http-proxy-events)
- [`http-proxy` options](#http-proxy-options)
- [WebSocket](#websocket)
- [External WebSocket upgrade](#external-websocket-upgrade)
- [Intercept and manipulate requests](#intercept-and-manipulate-requests)
- [Intercept and manipulate responses](#intercept-and-manipulate-responses)
- [Node.js 17+: ECONNREFUSED issue with IPv6 and localhost (#705)](#nodejs-17-econnrefused-issue-with-ipv6-and-localhost-705)
- [Debugging](#debugging)
- [Working examples](#working-examples)
- [Recipes](#recipes)
- [Compatible servers](#compatible-servers)
- [Tests](#tests)
- [Changelog](#changelog)
- [License](#license)
<!-- // spell-checker:enable -->
## Install
```shell
npm install --save-dev http-proxy-middleware
```
## Basic usage
Create and configure a proxy middleware with: `createProxyMiddleware(config)`.
```javascript
const { createProxyMiddleware } = require('http-proxy-middleware');
const apiProxy = createProxyMiddleware({
target: 'http://www.example.org',
changeOrigin: true,
});
// 'apiProxy' is now ready to be used as middleware in a server.
```
- **options.target**: target host to proxy to. _(protocol + host)_
- **options.changeOrigin**: for virtual hosted sites
- see full list of [`http-proxy-middleware` configuration options](#options)
## Express Server Example
An example with `express` server.
```javascript
// include dependencies
const express = require('express');
const { createProxyMiddleware } = require('http-proxy-middleware');
const app = express();
// create the proxy
/** @type {import('http-proxy-middleware/dist/types').RequestHandler<express.Request, express.Response>} */
const exampleProxy = createProxyMiddleware({
target: 'http://www.example.org/api', // target host with the same base path
changeOrigin: true, // needed for virtual hosted sites
});
// mount `exampleProxy` in web server
app.use('/api', exampleProxy);
app.listen(3000);
```
### app.use(path, proxy)
If you want to use the server's `app.use` `path` parameter to match requests.
Use `pathFilter` option to further include/exclude requests which you want to proxy.
```javascript
app.use(
createProxyMiddleware({
target: 'http://www.example.org/api',
changeOrigin: true,
pathFilter: '/api/proxy-only-this-path',
}),
);
```
`app.use` documentation:
- express: <http://expressjs.com/en/4x/api.html#app.use>
- connect: <https://github.com/senchalabs/connect#mount-middleware>
- polka: <https://github.com/lukeed/polka#usebase-fn>
## Options
http-proxy-middleware options:
### `pathFilter` (string, []string, glob, []glob, function)
Narrow down which requests should be proxied. The `path` used for filtering is the `request.url` pathname. In Express, this is the `path` relative to the mount-point of the proxy.
- **path matching**
- `createProxyMiddleware({...})` - matches any path, all requests will be proxied when `pathFilter` is not configured.
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: '/api', ...})` - matches paths starting with `/api`
- **multiple path matching**
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: ['/api', '/ajax', '/someotherpath'], ...})`
- **wildcard path matching**
For fine-grained control you can use wildcard matching. Glob pattern matching is done by _micromatch_. Visit [micromatch](https://www.npmjs.com/package/micromatch) or [glob](https://www.npmjs.com/package/glob) for more globbing examples.
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: '**', ...})` matches any path, all requests will be proxied.
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: '**/*.html', ...})` matches any path which ends with `.html`
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: '/*.html', ...})` matches paths directly under path-absolute
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: '/api/**/*.html', ...})` matches requests ending with `.html` in the path of `/api`
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: ['/api/**', '/ajax/**'], ...})` combine multiple patterns
- `createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: ['/api/**', '!**/bad.json'], ...})` exclusion
**Note**: In multiple path matching, you cannot use string paths and wildcard paths together.
- **custom matching**
For full control you can provide a custom function to determine which requests should be proxied or not.
```javascript
/**
* @return {Boolean}
*/
const pathFilter = function (path, req) {
return path.match('^/api') && req.method === 'GET';
};
const apiProxy = createProxyMiddleware({
target: 'http://www.example.org',
pathFilter: pathFilter,
});
```
### `pathRewrite` (object/function)
Rewrite target's url path. Object-keys will be used as _RegExp_ to match paths.
```javascript
// rewrite path
pathRewrite: {'^/old/api' : '/new/api'}
// remove path
pathRewrite: {'^/remove/api' : ''}
// add base path
pathRewrite: {'^/' : '/basepath/'}
// custom rewriting
pathRewrite: function (path, req) { return path.replace('/api', '/base/api') }
// custom rewriting, returning Promise
pathRewrite: async function (path, req) {
const should_add_something = await httpRequestToDecideSomething(path);
if (should_add_something) path += "something";
return path;
}
```
### `router` (object/function)
Re-target `option.target` for specific requests.
```javascript
// Use `host` and/or `path` to match requests. First match will be used.
// The order of the configuration matters.
router: {
'integration.localhost:3000' : 'http://127.0.0.1:8001', // host only
'staging.localhost:3000' : 'http://127.0.0.1:8002', // host only
'localhost:3000/api' : 'http://127.0.0.1:8003', // host + path
'/rest' : 'http://127.0.0.1:8004' // path only
}
// Custom router function (string target)
router: function(req) {
return 'http://127.0.0.1:8004';
}
// Custom router function (target object)
router: function(req) {
return {
protocol: 'https:', // The : is required
host: '127.0.0.1',
port: 8004
};
}
// Asynchronous router function which returns promise
router: async function(req) {
const url = await doSomeIO();
return url;
}
```
### `plugins` (Array)
```js
const simpleRequestLogger = (proxyServer, options) => {
proxyServer.on('proxyReq', (proxyReq, req, res) => {
console.log(`[HPM] [${req.method}] ${req.url}`); // outputs: [HPM] GET /users
});
},
const config = {
target: `http://example.org`,
changeOrigin: true,
plugins: [simpleRequestLogger],
};
```
### `ejectPlugins` (boolean) default: `false`
If you're not satisfied with the pre-configured plugins, you can eject them by configuring `ejectPlugins: true`.
NOTE: register your own error handlers to prevent server from crashing.
```js
// eject default plugins and manually add them back
const {
debugProxyErrorsPlugin, // subscribe to proxy errors to prevent server from crashing
loggerPlugin, // log proxy events to a logger (ie. console)
errorResponsePlugin, // return 5xx response on proxy error
proxyEventsPlugin, // implements the "on:" option
} = require('http-proxy-middleware');
createProxyMiddleware({
target: `http://example.org`,
changeOrigin: true,
ejectPlugins: true,
plugins: [debugProxyErrorsPlugin, loggerPlugin, errorResponsePlugin, proxyEventsPlugin],
});
```
### `logger` (Object)
Configure a logger to output information from http-proxy-middleware: ie. `console`, `winston`, `pino`, `bunyan`, `log4js`, etc...
Only `info`, `warn`, `error` are used internally for compatibility across different loggers.
If you use `winston`, make sure to enable interpolation: <https://github.com/winstonjs/winston#string-interpolation>
See also logger recipes ([recipes/logger.md](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/blob/master/recipes/logger.md)) for more details.
```javascript
createProxyMiddleware({
logger: console,
});
```
## `http-proxy` events
Subscribe to [http-proxy events](https://github.com/nodejitsu/node-http-proxy#listening-for-proxy-events) with the `on` option:
```js
createProxyMiddleware({
target: 'http://www.example.org',
on: {
proxyReq: (proxyReq, req, res) => {
/* handle proxyReq */
},
proxyRes: (proxyRes, req, res) => {
/* handle proxyRes */
},
error: (err, req, res) => {
/* handle error */
},
},
});
```
- **option.on.error**: function, subscribe to http-proxy's `error` event for custom error handling.
```javascript
function onError(err, req, res, target) {
res.writeHead(500, {
'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
});
res.end('Something went wrong. And we are reporting a custom error message.');
}
```
- **option.on.proxyRes**: function, subscribe to http-proxy's `proxyRes` event.
```javascript
function onProxyRes(proxyRes, req, res) {
proxyRes.headers['x-added'] = 'foobar'; // add new header to response
delete proxyRes.headers['x-removed']; // remove header from response
}
```
- **option.on.proxyReq**: function, subscribe to http-proxy's `proxyReq` event.
```javascript
function onProxyReq(proxyReq, req, res) {
// add custom header to request
proxyReq.setHeader('x-added', 'foobar');
// or log the req
}
```
- **option.on.proxyReqWs**: function, subscribe to http-proxy's `proxyReqWs` event.
```javascript
function onProxyReqWs(proxyReq, req, socket, options, head) {
// add custom header
proxyReq.setHeader('X-Special-Proxy-Header', 'foobar');
}
```
- **option.on.open**: function, subscribe to http-proxy's `open` event.
```javascript
function onOpen(proxySocket) {
// listen for messages coming FROM the target here
proxySocket.on('data', hybridParseAndLogMessage);
}
```
- **option.on.close**: function, subscribe to http-proxy's `close` event.
```javascript
function onClose(res, socket, head) {
// view disconnected websocket connections
console.log('Client disconnected');
}
```
## `http-proxy` options
The following options are provided by the underlying [http-proxy](https://github.com/nodejitsu/node-http-proxy#options) library.
- **option.target**: url string to be parsed with the url module
- **option.forward**: url string to be parsed with the url module
- **option.agent**: object to be passed to http(s).request (see Node's [https agent](http://nodejs.org/api/https.html#https_class_https_agent) and [http agent](http://nodejs.org/api/http.html#http_class_http_agent) objects)
- **option.ssl**: object to be passed to https.createServer()
- **option.ws**: true/false: if you want to proxy websockets
- **option.xfwd**: true/false, adds x-forward headers
- **option.secure**: true/false, if you want to verify the SSL Certs
- **option.toProxy**: true/false, passes the absolute URL as the `path` (useful for proxying to proxies)
- **option.prependPath**: true/false, Default: true - specify whether you want to prepend the target's path to the proxy path
- **option.ignorePath**: true/false, Default: false - specify whether you want to ignore the proxy path of the incoming request (note: you will have to append / manually if required).
- **option.localAddress** : Local interface string to bind for outgoing connections
- **option.changeOrigin**: true/false, Default: false - changes the origin of the host header to the target URL
- **option.preserveHeaderKeyCase**: true/false, Default: false - specify whether you want to keep letter case of response header key
- **option.auth** : Basic authentication i.e. 'user:password' to compute an Authorization header.
- **option.hostRewrite**: rewrites the location hostname on (301/302/307/308) redirects.
- **option.autoRewrite**: rewrites the location host/port on (301/302/307/308) redirects based on requested host/port. Default: false.
- **option.protocolRewrite**: rewrites the location protocol on (301/302/307/308) redirects to 'http' or 'https'. Default: null.
- **option.cookieDomainRewrite**: rewrites domain of `set-cookie` headers. Possible values:
- `false` (default): disable cookie rewriting
- String: new domain, for example `cookieDomainRewrite: "new.domain"`. To remove the domain, use `cookieDomainRewrite: ""`.
- Object: mapping of domains to new domains, use `"*"` to match all domains.
For example keep one domain unchanged, rewrite one domain and remove other domains:
```json
cookieDomainRewrite: {
"unchanged.domain": "unchanged.domain",
"old.domain": "new.domain",
"*": ""
}
```
- **option.cookiePathRewrite**: rewrites path of `set-cookie` headers. Possible values:
- `false` (default): disable cookie rewriting
- String: new path, for example `cookiePathRewrite: "/newPath/"`. To remove the path, use `cookiePathRewrite: ""`. To set path to root use `cookiePathRewrite: "/"`.
- Object: mapping of paths to new paths, use `"*"` to match all paths.
For example, to keep one path unchanged, rewrite one path and remove other paths:
```json
cookiePathRewrite: {
"/unchanged.path/": "/unchanged.path/",
"/old.path/": "/new.path/",
"*": ""
}
```
- **option.headers**: object, adds [request headers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_header_fields#Request_fields). (Example: `{host:'www.example.org'}`)
- **option.proxyTimeout**: timeout (in millis) when proxy receives no response from target
- **option.timeout**: timeout (in millis) for incoming requests
- **option.followRedirects**: true/false, Default: false - specify whether you want to follow redirects
- **option.selfHandleResponse** true/false, if set to true, none of the webOutgoing passes are called and it's your responsibility to appropriately return the response by listening and acting on the `proxyRes` event
- **option.buffer**: stream of data to send as the request body. Maybe you have some middleware that consumes the request stream before proxying it on e.g. If you read the body of a request into a field called 'req.rawbody' you could restream this field in the buffer option:
```javascript
'use strict';
const streamify = require('stream-array');
const HttpProxy = require('http-proxy');
const proxy = new HttpProxy();
module.exports = (req, res, next) => {
proxy.web(
req,
res,
{
target: 'http://127.0.0.1:4003/',
buffer: streamify(req.rawBody),
},
next,
);
};
```
## WebSocket
```javascript
// verbose api
createProxyMiddleware({ pathFilter: '/', target: 'http://echo.websocket.org', ws: true });
```
### External WebSocket upgrade
In the previous WebSocket examples, http-proxy-middleware relies on a initial http request in order to listen to the http `upgrade` event. If you need to proxy WebSockets without the initial http request, you can subscribe to the server's http `upgrade` event manually.
```javascript
const wsProxy = createProxyMiddleware({ target: 'ws://echo.websocket.org', changeOrigin: true });
const app = express();
app.use(wsProxy);
const server = app.listen(3000);
server.on('upgrade', wsProxy.upgrade); // <-- subscribe to http 'upgrade'
```
## Intercept and manipulate requests
Intercept requests from downstream by defining `onProxyReq` in `createProxyMiddleware`.
Currently the only pre-provided request interceptor is `fixRequestBody`, which is used to fix proxied POST requests when `bodyParser` is applied before this middleware.
Example:
```javascript
const { createProxyMiddleware, fixRequestBody } = require('http-proxy-middleware');
const proxy = createProxyMiddleware({
/**
* Fix bodyParser
**/
on: {
proxyReq: fixRequestBody,
},
});
```
## Intercept and manipulate responses
Intercept responses from upstream with `responseInterceptor`. (Make sure to set `selfHandleResponse: true`)
Responses which are compressed with `brotli`, `gzip` and `deflate` will be decompressed automatically. The response will be returned as `buffer` ([docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html)) which you can manipulate.
With `buffer`, response manipulation is not limited to text responses (html/css/js, etc...); image manipulation will be possible too. ([example](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/blob/master/recipes/response-interceptor.md#manipulate-image-response))
NOTE: `responseInterceptor` disables streaming of target's response.
Example:
```javascript
const { createProxyMiddleware, responseInterceptor } = require('http-proxy-middleware');
const proxy = createProxyMiddleware({
/**
* IMPORTANT: avoid res.end being called automatically
**/
selfHandleResponse: true, // res.end() will be called internally by responseInterceptor()
/**
* Intercept response and replace 'Hello' with 'Goodbye'
**/
on: {
proxyRes: responseInterceptor(async (responseBuffer, proxyRes, req, res) => {
const response = responseBuffer.toString('utf8'); // convert buffer to string
return response.replace('Hello', 'Goodbye'); // manipulate response and return the result
}),
},
});
```
Check out [interception recipes](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/blob/master/recipes/response-interceptor.md#readme) for more examples.
## Node.js 17+: ECONNREFUSED issue with IPv6 and localhost ([#705](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/issues/705))
Node.js 17+ no longer prefers IPv4 over IPv6 for DNS lookups.
E.g. It's **not** guaranteed that `localhost` will be resolved to `127.0.0.1` – it might just as well be `::1` (or some other IP address).
If your target server only accepts IPv4 connections, trying to proxy to `localhost` will fail if resolved to `::1` (IPv6).
Ways to solve it:
- Change `target: "http://localhost"` to `target: "http://127.0.0.1"` (IPv4).
- Change the target server to (also) accept IPv6 connections.
- Add this flag when running `node`: `node index.js --dns-result-order=ipv4first`. (Not recommended.)
> Note: There’s a thing called [Happy Eyeballs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Eyeballs) which means connecting to both IPv4 and IPv6 in parallel, which Node.js doesn’t have, but explains why for example `curl` can connect.
## Debugging
Configure the `DEBUG` environment variable enable debug logging.
See [`debug`](https://github.com/debug-js/debug#readme) project for more options.
```shell
DEBUG=http-proxy-middleware* node server.js
$ http-proxy-middleware proxy created +0ms
$ http-proxy-middleware proxying request to target: 'http://www.example.org' +359ms
```
## Working examples
View and play around with [working examples](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/examples).
- Browser-Sync ([example source](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/examples/browser-sync/index.js))
- express ([example source](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/examples/express/index.js))
- connect ([example source](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/examples/connect/index.js))
- WebSocket ([example source](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/examples/websocket/index.js))
- Response Manipulation ([example source](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/blob/master/examples/response-interceptor/index.js))
## Recipes
View the [recipes](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/recipes) for common use cases.
## Compatible servers
`http-proxy-middleware` is compatible with the following servers:
- [connect](https://www.npmjs.com/package/connect)
- [express](https://www.npmjs.com/package/express)
- [next.js](https://www.npmjs.com/package/next)
- [fastify](https://www.npmjs.com/package/fastify)
- [browser-sync](https://www.npmjs.com/package/browser-sync)
- [lite-server](https://www.npmjs.com/package/lite-server)
- [polka](https://github.com/lukeed/polka)
- [grunt-contrib-connect](https://www.npmjs.com/package/grunt-contrib-connect)
- [grunt-browser-sync](https://www.npmjs.com/package/grunt-browser-sync)
- [gulp-connect](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gulp-connect)
- [gulp-webserver](https://www.npmjs.com/package/gulp-webserver)
Sample implementations can be found in the [server recipes](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/tree/master/recipes/servers.md).
## Tests
Run the test suite:
```bash
# install dependencies
$ yarn
# linting
$ yarn lint
$ yarn lint:fix
# building (compile typescript to js)
$ yarn build
# unit tests
$ yarn test
# code coverage
$ yarn cover
# check spelling mistakes
$ yarn spellcheck
```
## Changelog
- [View changelog](https://github.com/chimurai/http-proxy-middleware/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md)
## License
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2015-2024 Steven Chim
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