base on Dependency injection framework for Swift with iOS/macOS/Linux <p align="center"> <img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13637225?v=3&s=600" width="33%"> </p> Swinject ========  [](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage) [](http://cocoapods.org/pods/Swinject) [](http://cocoapods.org/pods/Swinject) [](http://cocoapods.org/pods/Swinject) [](https://developer.apple.com/swift) [](https://houndci.com) Swinject is a lightweight [dependency injection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_injection) framework for Swift. Dependency injection (DI) is a software design pattern that implements Inversion of Control (IoC) for resolving dependencies. In the pattern, Swinject helps your app split into loosely-coupled components, which can be developed, tested and maintained more easily. Swinject is powered by the Swift generic type system and first class functions to define dependencies of your app simply and fluently. Swinject is maintained by the [Faire Wholesale Inc.](https://github.com/Faire?view_as=public) mobile platform team. ## Features - [x] [Pure Swift Type Support](./Documentation/README.md#user-content-pure-swift-type-support) - [x] [Injection with Arguments](./Documentation/DIContainer.md#registration-with-arguments-to-di-container) - [x] [Initializer/Property/Method Injections](./Documentation/InjectionPatterns.md) - [x] [Initialization Callback](./Documentation/InjectionPatterns.md#user-content-initialization-callback) - [x] [Circular Dependency Injection](./Documentation/CircularDependencies.md) - [x] [Object Scopes as None (Transient), Graph, Container (Singleton) and Hierarchy](./Documentation/ObjectScopes.md) - [x] Support of both Reference and [Value Types](./Documentation/Misc.md#value-types) - [x] [Self-registration (Self-binding)](./Documentation/Misc.md#self-registration-self-binding) - [x] [Container Hierarchy](./Documentation/ContainerHierarchy.md) - [x] [Thread Safety](./Documentation/ThreadSafety.md) - [x] [Modular Components](./Documentation/Assembler.md) ## Extensions - **[SwinjectPropertyLoader](https://github.com/Swinject/SwinjectPropertyLoader)**: Loading property values from resources. - **[SwinjectStoryboard](https://github.com/Swinject/SwinjectStoryboard)**: Automatic dependency injection via Storyboard. - **[Swinject-CodeGen](https://github.com/Swinject/Swinject-CodeGen)**: Type-safe code generation of `Container` from a CSV/YAML file defining dependencies. - **[SwinjectAutoregistration](https://github.com/Swinject/SwinjectAutoregistration)**: Automatic registration of services by leveraging the Swift Generics. ## Requirements - iOS 11.0+ / Mac OS X 10.13+ / watchOS 4.0+ / tvOS 11.0+ - Xcode 14.3+ - Swift 4.2+ - Carthage 0.18+ (if you use) - CocoaPods 1.1.1+ (if you use) ## Installation Swinject is available through [Carthage](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage), [CocoaPods](https://cocoapods.org), or [Swift Package Manager](https://swift.org/package-manager/). ### Carthage To install Swinject with Carthage, add the following line to your `Cartfile`. ``` github "Swinject/Swinject" # Uncomment if you use SwinjectStoryboard # github "Swinject/SwinjectStoryboard" ``` Then run `carthage update --no-use-binaries` command or just `carthage update`. For details of the installation and usage of Carthage, visit [its project page](https://github.com/Carthage/Carthage). ### CocoaPods To install Swinject with CocoaPods, add the following lines to your `Podfile`. ```ruby source 'https://github.com/CocoaPods/Specs.git' platform :ios, '11.0' # or platform :osx, '10.13' if your target is OS X. use_frameworks! pod 'Swinject' # Uncomment if you use SwinjectStoryboard # pod 'SwinjectStoryboard' ``` Then run `pod install` command. For details of the installation and usage of CocoaPods, visit [its official website](https://cocoapods.org). ### Swift Package Manager in `Package.swift` add the following: ```swift dependencies: [ // Dependencies declare other packages that this package depends on. // .package(url: /* package url */, from: "1.0.0"), .package(url: "https://github.com/Swinject/Swinject.git", from: "2.8.0") ], targets: [ .target( name: "MyProject", dependencies: [..., "Swinject"] ) ... ] ``` ## Documentation - [Technical documents](./Documentation) including patterns of dependency injection and examples. - [API reference](http://cocoadocs.org/docsets/Swinject/) ## Basic Usage First, register a service and component pair to a `Container`, where the component is created by the registered closure as a factory. In this example, `Cat` and `PetOwner` are component classes implementing `Animal` and `Person` service protocols, respectively. ```swift let container = Container() container.register(Animal.self) { _ in Cat(name: "Mimi") } container.register(Person.self) { r in PetOwner(pet: r.resolve(Animal.self)!) } ``` Then get an instance of a service from the container. The person is resolved to a pet owner, and playing with the cat named Mimi! ```swift let person = container.resolve(Person.self)! person.play() // prints "I'm playing with Mimi." ``` Where definitions of the protocols and classes are ```swift protocol Animal { var name: String? { get } } class Cat: Animal { let name: String? init(name: String?) { self.name = name } } ``` and ```swift protocol Person { func play() } class PetOwner: Person { let pet: Animal init(pet: Animal) { self.pet = pet } func play() { let name = pet.name ?? "someone" print("I'm playing with \(name).") } } ``` Notice that the `pet` of `PetOwner` is automatically set as the instance of `Cat` when `Person` is resolved to the instance of `PetOwner`. If a container already set up is given, you do not have to care what are the actual types of the services and how they are created with their dependency. ## Where to Register Services Services must be registered to a container before they are used. The typical registration approach will differ depending upon whether you are using `SwinjectStoryboard` or not. The following view controller class is used in addition to the protocols and classes above in the examples below. ```swift class PersonViewController: UIViewController { var person: Person? } ``` ### With SwinjectStoryboard Import SwinjectStoryboard at the top of your swift source file. ```swift import SwinjectStoryboard ``` Services should be registered in an extension of `SwinjectStoryboard` if you use `SwinjectStoryboard`. Refer to [the project page of SwinjectStoryboard](https://github.com/Swinject/SwinjectStoryboard) for further details. ```swift extension SwinjectStoryboard { @objc class func setup() { defaultContainer.register(Animal.self) { _ in Cat(name: "Mimi") } defaultContainer.register(Person.self) { r in PetOwner(pet: r.resolve(Animal.self)!) } defaultContainer.register(PersonViewController.self) { r in let controller = PersonViewController() controller.person = r.resolve(Person.self) return controller } } } ``` ### Without SwinjectStoryboard If you do not use `SwinjectStoryboard` to instantiate view controllers, services should be registered to a container in your application's `AppDelegate`. Registering before exiting `application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:` will ensure that the services are setup appropriately before they are used. ```swift class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate { var window: UIWindow? let container: Container = { let container = Container() container.register(Animal.self) { _ in Cat(name: "Mimi") } container.register(Person.self) { r in PetOwner(pet: r.resolve(Animal.self)!) } container.register(PersonViewController.self) { r in let controller = PersonViewController() controller.person = r.resolve(Person.self) return controller } return container }() func application( _ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey : Any]? = nil) -> Bool { // Instantiate a window. let window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds) window.makeKeyAndVisible() self.window = window // Instantiate the root view controller with dependencies injected by the container. window.rootViewController = container.resolve(PersonViewController.self) return true } } ``` Notice that the example uses a convenience initializer taking a closure to register services to the new instance of `Container`. ## Play in Playground! The project contains `Sample-iOS.playground` to demonstrate the features of Swinject. Download or clone the project, run the playground, modify it, and play with it to learn Swinject. To run the playground in the project, first build the project, then select `Editor > Execute Playground` menu in Xcode. ## Example Apps Some example apps using Swinject can be found on [GitHub](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=swinject&s=updated&type=Repositories). ## Blog Posts The following blog posts introduce the concept of dependency injection and Swinject. - [Dependency Injection Tutorial for iOS: Getting Started](https://www.raywenderlich.com/14223279-dependency-injection-tutorial-for-ios-getting-started) *by [Irina Galata](https://www.raywenderlich.com/u/galata)* - [Swinject Tutorial for iOS: Getting Started](https://www.raywenderlich.com/17-swinject-tutorial-for-ios-getting-started) *by [Gemma Barlow](https://www.raywenderlich.com/u/gemmakbarlow)* - [iOS Dependency Injection Using Swinject](https://medium.com/flawless-app-stories/ios-dependency-injection-using-swinject-9c4ceff99e41) *by [Ali Akhtar](https://ali-akhtar.medium.com)* - [DI in iOS: Complete guide](https://medium.com/its-tinkoff/di-in-ios-complete-guide-cd76a079d2d) *by [Vitaly Batrakov](https://medium.com/@batrakov.vitaly)* Thanks the authors! ## Contribution Guide A guide to [submit issues](https://github.com/Swinject/Swinject/issues), to ask general questions, or to [open pull requests](https://github.com/Swinject/Swinject/pulls) is [here](CONTRIBUTING.md). ## Question? - [Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/swinject) we are trying to monitor questions tagged `swinject` ## Credits The DI container features of Swinject are inspired by: - [Ninject](http://ninject.org) - [Enkari, Ltd](https://github.com/enkari) and [the Ninject project contributors](https://github.com/ninject/Ninject/graphs/contributors). - [Autofac](http://autofac.org) - [Autofac Project](https://github.com/autofac/Autofac). and highly inspired by: - [Funq](https://github.com/kzu/funq) - [Daniel Cazzulino](https://github.com/kzu). ## License MIT license. See the [LICENSE file](LICENSE) for details. ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"10960","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"