base on OpenPrinting CUPS Sources OpenPrinting CUPS v2.5b1 ========================   [](https://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/actions/workflows/build.yml) [](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/openprinting-cups) > *Note:* This branch is tracking a future CUPS 2.5.x feature release. Check > out the "2.4.x" branch for CUPS 2.4.x. Introduction ------------ OpenPrinting CUPS is the most current version of CUPS, a standards-based, open source printing system for Linux® and other Unix®-like operating systems. CUPS supports printing to: - [AirPrint™][1] and [IPP Everywhere™][2] printers, - Network and local (USB) printers with Printer Applications, and - Network and local (USB) printers with (legacy) PPD-based printer drivers. CUPS provides the System V ("lp") and Berkeley ("lpr") command-line interfaces, a configurable web interface, a C API, and common print filters, drivers, and backends for printing. The [cups-filters][3] project provides additional filters and drivers. CUPS is licensed under the Apache License Version 2.0 with an exception to allow linking against GNU GPL2-only software. See the files `LICENSE` and `NOTICE` for more information. > Note: Apple maintains a separate repository for the CUPS that ships with macOS > and iOS at <https://github.com/apple/cups>. [1]: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201311 [2]: https://www.pwg.org/printers [3]: https://github.com/openprinting/cups-filters Reading the Documentation ------------------------- Initial documentation to get you started is provided in the root directory of the CUPS sources: - `CHANGES.md`: A list of changes in the current major release of CUPS. - `CONTRIBUTING.md`: Guidelines for contributing to the CUPS project. - `CREDITS.md`: A list of past contributors to the CUPS project. - `DEVELOPING.md`: Guidelines for developing code for the CUPS project. - `INSTALL.md`: Instructions for building and installing CUPS. - `LICENSE`: The CUPS license agreement (Apache 2.0). - `NOTICE`: Copyright notices and exceptions to the CUPS license agreement. - `README.md`: This file. - `REPORTING_ISSUES.md`: Instructions what information to provide when reporting an issue. Once you have installed the software you can access the documentation (and a bunch of other stuff) online at <http://localhost:631/> and using the `man` command, for example `man cups`. If you're having trouble getting that far, the documentation is located under the `doc/help` and `man` directories. *Please read the documentation before asking questions.* Setting Up Printers ------------------- CUPS includes a web-based administration tool that allows you to manage printers, classes, and jobs on your server. Open <http://localhost:631/admin/> in your browser to access the printer administration tools. You will be asked for the administration password (root or any other user in the "sys", "system", "root", "admin", or "lpadmin" group on your system) when performing any administrative function. The `lpadmin` command is used to manage printers from the command-line. For example, the following command creates a print queue called "myprinter" for an IPP Everywhere printer at address "11.22.33.44": lpadmin -p myprinter -E -v "ipp://11.22.33.44/ipp/print" -m everywhere The `-p` option specifies the printer name. The `-E` option enables the printer and accepts new print jobs immediately. The `-v` option specifies the *device URI* for the printer, which tells CUPS how to communicate with the printer. And the `-m` option specifies the model (driver) to use, in this case the IPP Everywhere ("everywhere") driver that is used for AirPrint and IPP Everywhere printers as well as shared printers and printers supported through Printer Applications. Legacy printers are supported using PPD (PostScript Printer Description) files that describe printer capabilities and driver programs needed for each printer. CUPS includes several sample PPD files for common legacy printers: Driver | PPD Name -----------------------------|------------------------------ Dymo Label Printers | drv:///sample.drv/dymo.ppd Intellitech Intellibar | drv:///sample.drv/intelbar.ppd EPSON 9-pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/epson9.ppd EPSON 24-pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/epson24.ppd Generic PCL Laser Printer | drv:///sample.drv/generpcl.ppd Generic PostScript Printer | drv:///sample.drv/generic.ppd HP DeskJet Series | drv:///sample.drv/deskjet.ppd HP LaserJet Series | drv:///sample.drv/laserjet.ppd OKIDATA 9-Pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/okidata9.ppd OKIDATA 24-Pin Series | drv:///sample.drv/okidat24.ppd Zebra CPCL Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebracpl.ppd Zebra EPL1 Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebraep1.ppd Zebra EPL2 Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebraep2.ppd Zebra ZPL Label Printer | drv:///sample.drv/zebra.ppd The sample drivers provide basic printing capabilities, but generally do not exercise the full potential of the printers or CUPS. Other drivers provide greater printing capabilities. You can run the `lpinfo -m` command to list all of the available drivers: lpinfo -m Similarly, the `lpinfo -v` command lists the available printers and their device URIs: lpinfo -v Once you know the device URI and driver name, add the printer using the `lpadmin` command: lpadmin -p PRINTER-NAME -E -v "DEVICE-URI" -m DRIVER-NAME Printing Files -------------- CUPS provides both the System V `lp` and Berkeley `lpr` commands for printing: lp FILENAME lpr FILENAME Both the `lp` and `lpr` commands support printing options: lp -o media=A4 -o resolution=600dpi FILENAME lpr -o media=A4 -o resolution=600dpi FILENAME CUPS recognizes many types of images files as well as PDF, PostScript, and text files, so you can print those files directly rather than through an application. If you have an application that generates output specifically for your printer then you need to use the `-oraw` or `-l` options: lp -o raw FILENAME lpr -l FILENAME This will prevent the filters from misinterpreting your print file. Contributing Code and Translations ---------------------------------- Code contributions should be submitted as pull requests on the Github site: http://github.com/OpenPrinting/cups/pulls See the file "CONTRIBUTING.md" for more details. CUPS uses [Weblate][WL] to manage the localization of the web interface, command-line programs, and common IPP attributes and values, and those likewise end up as pull requests on Github. [WL]: https://hosted.weblate.org Legal Stuff ----------- Copyright © 2020-2023 by OpenPrinting Copyright © 2007-2020 by Apple Inc. Copyright © 1997-2007 by Easy Software Products. CUPS is provided under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0 with exceptions for GPL2/LGPL2 software. A copy of this license can be found in the file `LICENSE`. Additional legal information is provided in the file `NOTICE`. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"11843","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"