base on An extensible, state of the art columnar file format. Formerly at @spiraldb, now a Linux Foundation project. # 🌪️ Vortex [](https://github.com/vortex-data/vortex/actions) [](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10567) [](https://docs.vortex.dev) [](https://codspeed.io/vortex-data/vortex) [](https://crates.io/crates/vortex) [](https://pypi.org/project/vortex-data/) [](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/dev.vortex/vortex-spark) 📚 [Documentation](https://docs.vortex.dev/) | 📊 [Performance Benchmarks](https://bench.vortex.dev) ## Overview Vortex is a next-generation columnar file format and toolkit designed for high-performance data processing. It is the fastest and most extensible format for building data systems backed by object storage. It provides: - **⚡️ Blazing Fast Performance** - 200x faster random access reads (vs. modern Apache Parquet) - 2-10x faster scans - 2-10x faster writes - Similar compression ratios - Efficient support for wide tables with zero-copy/zero-parse metadata - **🔧 Extensible Architecture** - Modeled after Apache DataFusion's extensible approach - Pluggable encoding system, type system, compression strategy, & layout strategy - Zero-copy compatibility with Apache Arrow - **🗳️ Open Source, Neutral Governance** - A Linux Foundation (LF AI & Data) Project - Apache-2.0 Licensed - **↔️ Integrations** - Arrow, DataFusion, DuckDB, Spark, Pandas, Polars, & more - Apache Iceberg (coming soon) > 🟢 **Development Status**: Library APIs may change from version to version, but we now consider > the file format <ins>*stable*</ins>. From release 0.36.0, all future releases of Vortex should > maintain backwards compatibility of the file format (i.e., be able to read files written by > any earlier version >= 0.36.0). ## Key Features ### Core Capabilities - ✨ **Logical Types** - Clean separation between logical schema and physical layout - 🔄 **Zero-Copy Arrow Integration** - Seamless conversion to/from Apache Arrow arrays - 🧩 **Extensible Encodings** - Pluggable physical layouts with built-in optimizations - 📦 **Cascading Compression** - Support for nested encoding schemes - 🚀 **High-Performance Computing** - Optimized compute kernels for encoded data - 📊 **Rich Statistics** - Lazy-loaded summary statistics for optimization ### Technical Architecture #### Logical vs Physical Design Vortex strictly separates logical and physical concerns: - **Logical Layer**: Defines data types and schema - **Physical Layer**: Handles encoding and storage implementation - **Built-in Encodings**: Compatible with Apache Arrow's memory format - **Extension Encodings**: Optimized compression schemes (RLE, dictionary, etc.) ## Quick Start ### Installation #### Rust Crate All features are exported through the main `vortex` crate. ```bash cargo add vortex ``` #### Python Package ```bash uv add vortex-data ``` #### Command Line UI (vx) For browsing the structure of Vortex files, you can use the `vx` command-line tool. ```bash # Install latest release cargo install vortex-tui --locked # Or build from source cargo install --path vortex-tui --locked # Usage vx browse <file> ``` ### Development Setup #### Prerequisites (macOS) ```bash # Optional but recommended dependencies brew install flatbuffers protobuf # For .fbs and .proto files brew install duckdb # For benchmarks # Install Rust toolchain curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh # or brew install rustup # Initialize submodules git submodule update --init --recursive # Setup dependencies with uv uv sync --all-packages ``` ### Performance Optimization For optimal performance, we suggest using [MiMalloc](https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc): ```rust,ignore #[global_allocator] static GLOBAL_ALLOC: MiMalloc = MiMalloc; ``` ## Project Information ### License Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. ### Governance Vortex is an independent open-source project and not controlled by any single company. The Vortex Project is a sub-project of the Linux Foundation Projects. The governance model is documented in [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) and is subject to the terms of the [Technical Charter](https://vortex.dev/charter.pdf). ### Contributing See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines. ### Reporting Vulnerabilities If you discovery a security vulnerability, please email <[email protected]>. ### Trademarks Copyright © Vortex a Series of LF Projects, LLC. For terms of use, trademark policy, and other project policies please see <https://lfprojects.org> ## Acknowledgments 🏆 The Vortex project benefits enormously from groundbreaking work from the academic & open-source communities. ### Research in Vortex - [BtrBlocks](https://www.cs.cit.tum.de/fileadmin/w00cfj/dis/papers/btrblocks.pdf) - Efficient columnar compression - [FastLanes](https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol16/p2132-afroozeh.pdf) - High-performance integer compression - [FSST](https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol13/p2649-boncz.pdf) - Fast random access string compression - [ALP](https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/33334/33334.pdf) - Adaptive lossless floating-point compression - [Procella](https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3360438) - YouTube's unified data system - [Cloud Object Storage Analytics](https://www.durner.dev/app/media/papers/anyblob-vldb23.pdf) - High-performance access to object storage - [ClickHouse](https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol17/p3731-schulze.pdf) - Fast analytics for everyone ### Vortex in Research - [Anyblox](https://gienieczko.com/anyblox-paper) - A Framework for Self-Decoding Datasets ### Open Source Inspiration - [Apache Arrow](https://arrow.apache.org) - [Apache DataFusion](https://github.com/apache/datafusion) - [parquet2](https://github.com/jorgecarleitao/parquet2) by Jorge Leitao - [DuckDB](https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb) - [Velox](https://github.com/facebookincubator/velox) & [Nimble](https://github.com/facebookincubator/nimble) #### Thanks to all contributors who have shared their knowledge and code with the community! 🚀 ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"11982","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"