base on An open-source Python framework for creating, editing, and invoking Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) circuits. <!-- H1 title omitted because our logo acts as the title. --> <div align="center"> <img width="300px" alt="Cirq logo" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quantumlib/Cirq/refs/heads/main/docs/images/Cirq_logo_color.svg"> Python package for writing, manipulating, and running [quantum circuits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_circuit) on quantum computers and simulators. [](https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/blob/main/LICENSE) [](https://www.python.org/downloads/) [](https://www.bestpractices.dev/projects/10063) [](https://pypi.org/project/cirq) [](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4062499) [Features](#features) &ndash; [Installation](#installation) &ndash; [Quick Start](#quick-start--hello-qubit-example) &ndash; [Documentation](#cirq-documentation) &ndash; [Integrations](#integrations) &ndash; [Community](#community) &ndash; [Citing Cirq](#citing-cirq) &ndash; [Contact](#contact) </div> ## Features Cirq provides useful abstractions for dealing with today’s [noisy intermediate-scale quantum](https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00862) (NISQ) computers, where the details of quantum hardware are vital to achieving state-of-the-art results. Some of its features include: * Flexible gate definitions and custom gates * Parameterized circuits with symbolic variables * Circuit transformation, compilation and optimization * Hardware device modeling * Noise modeling * Multiple built-in quantum circuit simulators * Integration with [qsim](https://github.com/quantumlib/qsim) for high-performance simulation * Interoperability with [NumPy](https://numpy.org) and [SciPy](https://scipy.org) * Cross-platform compatibility ## Installation Cirq supports Python version 3.11 and later, and can be used on Linux, MacOS, and Windows, as well as [Google Colab](https://colab.google). For complete installation instructions, please refer to the [Install](https://quantumai.google/cirq/start/install) section of the online Cirq documentation. ## Quick Start – “Hello Qubit” Example Here is a simple example to get you up and running with Cirq after you have installed it. Start a Python interpreter, and then type the following: ```python import cirq # Pick a qubit. qubit = cirq.GridQubit(0, 0) # Create a circuit. circuit = cirq.Circuit( cirq.X(qubit)**0.5, # Square root of NOT. cirq.measure(qubit, key='m') # Measurement. ) print("Circuit:") print(circuit) # Simulate the circuit several times. simulator = cirq.Simulator() result = simulator.run(circuit, repetitions=20) print("Results:") print(result) ``` Python should then print output similar to this: ```text Circuit: (0, 0): ───X^0.5───M('m')─── Results: m=11000111111011001000 ``` Congratulations! You have run your first quantum simulation in Cirq. You can continue to learn more by exploring the [many Cirq tutorials](#tutorials) described below. ## Cirq Documentation The primary documentation site for Cirq is the [Cirq home page on the Quantum AI website](https://quantumai.google/cirq). There and elsewhere, a variety of documentation for Cirq is available. ### Tutorials * [Video tutorials] on YouTube are an engaging way to learn Cirq. * [Jupyter notebook-based tutorials] let you learn Cirq from your browser – no installation needed. * [Text-based tutorials] on the Cirq home page are great when combined with a local [installation] of Cirq on your computer. After starting with the [basics], you'll be ready to dive into tutorials on circuit building and circuit simulation under the [Build] and [Simulate] tabs, respectively. Check out the other tabs for more! [Video tutorials]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpO2pyKisOjLVt_tDJ2K6ZTapZtHXPLB4 [Jupyter notebook-based tutorials]: https://colab.research.google.com/github/quantumlib/Cirq [Text-based tutorials]: https://quantumai.google/cirq [installation]: https://quantumai.google/cirq/start/install [basics]: https://quantumai.google/cirq/start/basics [Build]: https://quantumai.google/cirq/build [Simulate]: https://quantumai.google/cirq/simula ### Reference Documentation * Docs for the [current stable release] correspond to what you get with `pip install cirq`. * Docs for the [pre-release] correspond to what you get with `pip install --upgrade cirq~=1.0.dev`. [current stable release]: https://quantumai.google/reference/python/cirq/all_symbols [pre-release]: https://quantumai.google/reference/python/cirq/all_symbols?version=nightly ### Examples * The [examples subdirectory](./examples/) of the Cirq GitHub repo has many programs illustrating the application of Cirq to everything from common textbook algorithms to more advanced methods. * The [Experiments page](https://quantumai.google/cirq/experiments/) on the Cirq documentation site has yet more examples, from simple to advanced. ### Change log * The [Cirq releases](https://github.com/quantumlib/cirq/releases) page on GitHub lists the changes in each release. ## Integrations Google Quantum AI has a suite of open-source software that lets you do more with Cirq. From high-performance simulators, to novel tools for expressing and analyzing fault-tolerant quantum algorithms, our software stack lets you develop quantum programs for a variety of applications. <div align="center"> | Your interests | Software to explore | |-------------------------------------------------|----------------------| | Quantum algorithms?<br>Fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC)? | [Qualtran] | | Large circuits and/or a lot of simulations? | [qsim] | | Circuits with thousands of qubits and millions of Clifford operations? | [Stim] | | Quantum error correction (QEC)? | [Stim] | | Chemistry and/or material science? | [OpenFermion]<br>[OpenFermion-FQE]<br>[OpenFermion-PySCF]<br>[OpenFermion-Psi4] | | Quantum machine learning (QML)? | [TensorFlow Quantum] | | Real experiments using Cirq? | [ReCirq] | </div> [Qualtran]: https://github.com/quantumlib/qualtran [qsim]: https://github.com/quantumlib/qsim [Stim]: https://github.com/quantumlib/stim [OpenFermion]: https://github.com/quantumlib/openfermion [OpenFermion-FQE]: https://github.com/quantumlib/OpenFermion-FQE [OpenFermion-PySCF]: https://github.com/quantumlib/OpenFermion-PySCF [OpenFermion-Psi4]: https://github.com/quantumlib/OpenFermion-Psi4 [TensorFlow Quantum]: https://github.com/tensorflow/quantum [ReCirq]: https://github.com/quantumlib/ReCirq ## Community <a href="https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/graphs/contributors"><img width="150em" alt="Total number of contributors to Cirq" src="https://img.shields.io/github/contributors/quantumlib/cirq?label=Contributors&logo=github&color=ccc&style=flat-square"/></a> Cirq has benefited from [contributions] by over 200 people and counting. We are dedicated to cultivating an open and inclusive community to build software for quantum computers, and have a community [code of conduct]. [contributions]: https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/graphs/contributors [code of conduct]: https://github.com/quantumlib/cirq/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md ### Announcements Stay on top of Cirq developments using the approach that best suits your needs: * For releases and major announcements: sign up to the low-volume mailing list [`cirq-announce`]. * For releases only: * Via GitHub notifications: configure [repository notifications] for Cirq. * Via Atom/RSS from GitHub: subscribe to the GitHub [Cirq releases Atom feed]. * Via RSS from PyPI: subscribe to the [PyPI releases RSS feed] for Cirq. Cirq releases take place approximately every quarter. [`cirq-announce`]: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/cirq-announce [repository notifications]: https://docs.github.com/github/managing-subscriptions-and-notifications-on-github/configuring-notifications [Cirq releases Atom feed]: https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/releases.atom [PyPI releases RSS feed]: https://pypi.org/rss/project/cirq/releases.xml ### Questions and Discussions * Have questions about Cirq? Post them to the [Quantum Computing Stack Exchange] and tag them with [`cirq`]. You can also search past questions using that tag – it's a great way to learn! * Want meet other Cirq developers and participate in discussions? Join _Cirq Cynq_, our biweekly virtual meeting of contributors. Sign up to [_cirq-dev_] to get an automatic meeting invitation! [Quantum Computing Stack Exchange]: https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com [`cirq`]: https://quantumcomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/cirq [_cirq-dev_]: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/cirq-dev ### Contributions * Have a feature request or bug report? [Open an issue on GitHub]! * Want to develop Cirq code? Look at the [list of good first issues] to tackle, read our [contribution guidelines], and then start opening [pull requests]! [Open an issue on GitHub]: https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/issues/new/choose [list of good first issues]: https://github.com/quantumlib/Cirq/contribute [contribution guidelines]: https://github.com/quantumlib/cirq/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md [pull requests]: https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests ## Citing Cirq<a name="how-to-cite-cirq"></a><a name="how-to-cite"></a> When publishing articles or otherwise writing about Cirq, please cite the Cirq version you use – it will help others reproduce your results. We use Zenodo to preserve releases. The following links let you download the bibliographic record for the latest stable release of Cirq in some popular formats: <div align="center"> [](https://citation.doi.org/format?doi=10.5281/zenodo.4062499&style=bibtex)&nbsp;&nbsp; [](https://citation.doi.org/metadata?doi=10.5281/zenodo.4062499) </div> For formatted citations and records in other formats, as well as records for all releases of Cirq past and present, please visit the [Cirq page on Zenodo](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4062499). ## Contact For any questions or concerns not addressed here, please email quantum-oss-maintainers@google.com. ## Disclaimer This is not an officially supported Google product. This project is not eligible for the [Google Open Source Software Vulnerability Rewards Program](https://bughunters.google.com/open-source-security). Copyright 2019 The Cirq Developers. <div align="center"> <a href="https://quantumai.google"> <img width="15%" alt="Google Quantum AI" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/quantumlib/Cirq/refs/heads/main/docs/images/quantum-ai-vertical.svg"> </a> </div> ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"12447","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"