base on Optimized primitives for collective multi-GPU communication # NCCL Optimized primitives for inter-GPU communication. ## Introduction NCCL (pronounced "Nickel") is a stand-alone library of standard communication routines for GPUs, implementing all-reduce, all-gather, reduce, broadcast, reduce-scatter, as well as any send/receive based communication pattern. It has been optimized to achieve high bandwidth on platforms using PCIe, NVLink, NVswitch, as well as networking using InfiniBand Verbs or TCP/IP sockets. NCCL supports an arbitrary number of GPUs installed in a single node or across multiple nodes, and can be used in either single- or multi-process (e.g., MPI) applications. For more information on NCCL usage, please refer to the [NCCL documentation](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/sdk/nccl-developer-guide/index.html). ## Build Note: the official and tested builds of NCCL can be downloaded from: https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl. You can skip the following build steps if you choose to use the official builds. To build the library : ```shell $ cd nccl $ make -j src.build ``` If CUDA is not installed in the default /usr/local/cuda path, you can define the CUDA path with : ```shell $ make src.build CUDA_HOME=<path to cuda install> ``` NCCL will be compiled and installed in `build/` unless `BUILDDIR` is set. By default, NCCL is compiled for all supported architectures. To accelerate the compilation and reduce the binary size, consider redefining `NVCC_GENCODE` (defined in `makefiles/common.mk`) to only include the architecture of the target platform : ```shell $ make -j src.build NVCC_GENCODE="-gencode=arch=compute_70,code=sm_70" ``` ## Install To install NCCL on the system, create a package then install it as root. Debian/Ubuntu : ```shell $ # Install tools to create debian packages $ sudo apt install build-essential devscripts debhelper fakeroot $ # Build NCCL deb package $ make pkg.debian.build $ ls build/pkg/deb/ ``` RedHat/CentOS : ```shell $ # Install tools to create rpm packages $ sudo yum install rpm-build rpmdevtools $ # Build NCCL rpm package $ make pkg.redhat.build $ ls build/pkg/rpm/ ``` OS-agnostic tarball : ```shell $ make pkg.txz.build $ ls build/pkg/txz/ ``` ## Tests Tests for NCCL are maintained separately at https://github.com/nvidia/nccl-tests. ```shell $ git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/nccl-tests.git $ cd nccl-tests $ make $ ./build/all_reduce_perf -b 8 -e 256M -f 2 -g <ngpus> ``` ## Copyright All source code and accompanying documentation is copyright (c) 2015-2020, NVIDIA CORPORATION. All rights reserved. ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"164","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"