base on 🐚 A powerful relational ORM for Rust <div align="center"> <img alt="SeaORM" src="https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/img/SeaORM 2.0 Banner.png"/> <h1></h1> <h3>SeaORM is a powerful ORM for building web services in Rust</h3> [](https://crates.io/crates/sea-orm) [](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/actions/workflows/rust.yml) [](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/stargazers/) <br>Support us with a ⭐ ! </div> # 🐚 SeaORM [中文文档](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/blob/master/README-zh.md) ### Advanced Relations Model complex relationships 1-1, 1-N, M-N, and even self-referential in a high-level, conceptual way. ### Familiar Concepts Inspired by popular ORMs in the Ruby, Python, and Node.js ecosystem, SeaORM offers a developer experience that feels instantly recognizable. ### Feature Rich SeaORM is a batteries-included ORM with filters, pagination, and nested queries to accelerate building REST, GraphQL, and gRPC APIs. ### Production Ready With 250k+ weekly downloads, SeaORM is production-ready, trusted by startups and enterprises worldwide. ## Getting Started [](https://discord.com/invite/uCPdDXzbdv) Join our Discord server to chat with others! + [Documentation](https://www.sea-ql.org/SeaORM) Integration examples: + [Actix Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/actix_example) + [Axum Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/axum_example) + [GraphQL Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/graphql_example) + [jsonrpsee Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/jsonrpsee_example) + [Loco Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/loco_example) / [Loco REST Starter](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/loco_starter) + [Poem Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/poem_example) + [Rocket Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/rocket_example) / [Rocket OpenAPI Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/rocket_okapi_example) + [Salvo Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/salvo_example) + [Tonic Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/tonic_example) + [Seaography Example (Bakery)](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/seaography_example) / [Seaography Example (Sakila)](https://github.com/SeaQL/seaography/tree/main/examples/sqlite) If you want a simple, clean example that fits in a single file that demonstrates the best of SeaORM, you can try: + [Quickstart](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/blob/master/examples/quickstart/src/main.rs) Let's have a quick walk through of the unique features of SeaORM. ## Expressive Entity format You don't have to write this by hand! Entity files can be generated from an existing database using `sea-orm-cli`, following is generated with `--entity-format dense` *(new in 2.0)*. ```rust mod user { use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*; #[sea_orm::model] #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, DeriveEntityModel)] #[sea_orm(table_name = "user")] pub struct Model { #[sea_orm(primary_key)] pub id: i32, pub name: String, #[sea_orm(unique)] pub email: String, #[sea_orm(has_one)] pub profile: HasOne<super::profile::Entity>, #[sea_orm(has_many)] pub posts: HasMany<super::post::Entity>, } } mod post { use sea_orm::entity::prelude::*; #[sea_orm::model] #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, DeriveEntityModel)] #[sea_orm(table_name = "post")] pub struct Model { #[sea_orm(primary_key)] pub id: i32, pub user_id: i32, pub title: String, #[sea_orm(belongs_to, from = "user_id", to = "id")] pub author: HasOne<super::user::Entity>, #[sea_orm(has_many, via = "post_tag")] // M-N relation with junction pub tags: HasMany<super::tag::Entity>, } } ``` ## Smart Entity Loader The Entity Loader intelligently uses join for 1-1 and data loader for 1-N relations, eliminating the N+1 problem even when performing nested queries. ```rust // join paths: // user -> profile // user -> post // post -> post_tag -> tag let smart_user = user::Entity::load() .filter_by_id(42) // shorthand for .filter(user::COLUMN.id.eq(42)) .with(profile::Entity) // 1-1 uses join .with((post::Entity, tag::Entity)) // 1-N uses data loader .one(db) .await? .unwrap(); // 3 queries are executed under the hood: // 1. SELECT FROM user JOIN profile WHERE id = $ // 2. SELECT FROM post WHERE user_id IN (..) // 3. SELECT FROM tag JOIN post_tag WHERE post_id IN (..) smart_user == user::ModelEx { id: 42, name: "Bob".into(), email: "[email protected]".into(), profile: HasOne::Loaded( profile::ModelEx { picture: "image.jpg".into(), } .into(), ), posts: HasMany::Loaded(vec![post::ModelEx { title: "Nice weather".into(), tags: HasMany::Loaded(vec![tag::ModelEx { tag: "sunny".into(), }]), }]), }; ``` ## ActiveModel: nested persistence made simple Persist an entire object graph: user, profile (1-1), posts (1-N), and tags (M-N) in a single operation using a fluent builder API. SeaORM automatically determines the dependencies and inserts or deletes objects in the correct order. ```rust // this creates the nested object as shown above: let user = user::ActiveModel::builder() .set_name("Bob") .set_email("[email protected]") .set_profile(profile::ActiveModel::builder().set_picture("image.jpg")) .add_post( post::ActiveModel::builder() .set_title("Nice weather") .add_tag(tag::ActiveModel::builder().set_tag("sunny")), ) .save(db) .await?; ``` ## Schema first or Entity first? Your choice SeaORM provides a powerful migration system that lets you create tables, modify schemas, and seed data with ease. With SeaORM 2.0, you also get a first-class [Entity First Workflow](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-10-30-sea-orm-2.0/): simply define new entities or add columns to existing ones, and SeaORM will automatically detect the changes and create the new tables, columns, unique keys, and foreign keys. ```rust // SeaORM resolves foreign key dependencies and creates the tables in topological order. // Requires the `entity-registry` and `schema-sync` feature flags. db.get_schema_registry("my_crate::entity::*").sync(db).await; ``` ## Ergonomic Raw SQL Let SeaORM handle 95% of your transactional queries. For the remaining cases that are too complex to express, SeaORM still offers convenient support for writing raw SQL. ```rust let user = Item { name: "Bob" }; // nested parameter access let ids = [2, 3, 4]; // expanded by the `..` operator let user: Option<user::Model> = user::Entity::find() .from_raw_sql(raw_sql!( Sqlite, r#"SELECT "id", "name" FROM "user" WHERE "name" LIKE {user.name} AND "id" in ({..ids}) "# )) .one(db) .await?; ``` ## Synchronous Support [`sea-orm-sync`](https://crates.io/crates/sea-orm-sync) provides the full SeaORM API without requiring an async runtime, making it ideal for lightweight CLI programs with SQLite. See the [quickstart example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/blob/master/sea-orm-sync/examples/quickstart/src/main.rs) for usage. ## Basics ### Select SeaORM models 1-N and M-N relationships at the Entity level, letting you traverse many-to-many links through a junction table in a single call. ```rust // find all models let cakes: Vec<cake::Model> = Cake::find().all(db).await?; // find and filter let chocolate: Vec<cake::Model> = Cake::find() .filter(Cake::COLUMN.name.contains("chocolate")) .all(db) .await?; // find one model let cheese: Option<cake::Model> = Cake::find_by_id(1).one(db).await?; let cheese: cake::Model = cheese.unwrap(); // find related models (lazy) let fruit: Option<fruit::Model> = cheese.find_related(Fruit).one(db).await?; // find related models (eager): for 1-1 relations let cake_with_fruit: Vec<(cake::Model, Option<fruit::Model>)> = Cake::find().find_also_related(Fruit).all(db).await?; // find related models (eager): works for both 1-N and M-N relations let cake_with_fillings: Vec<(cake::Model, Vec<filling::Model>)> = Cake::find() .find_with_related(Filling) // for M-N relations, two joins are performed .all(db) // rows are automatically consolidated by left entity .await?; ``` ### Nested Select Partial models prevent overfetching by letting you querying only the fields you need; it also makes writing deeply nested relational queries simple. ```rust use sea_orm::DerivePartialModel; #[derive(DerivePartialModel)] #[sea_orm(entity = "cake::Entity")] struct CakeWithFruit { id: i32, name: String, #[sea_orm(nested)] fruit: Option<fruit::Model>, // this can be a regular or another partial model } let cakes: Vec<CakeWithFruit> = Cake::find() .left_join(fruit::Entity) // no need to specify join condition .into_partial_model() // only the columns in the partial model will be selected .all(db) .await?; ``` ### Insert SeaORM's ActiveModel lets you work directly with Rust data structures and persist them through a simple API. It's easy to insert large batches of rows from different data sources. ```rust let apple = fruit::ActiveModel { name: Set("Apple".to_owned()), ..Default::default() // no need to set primary key }; let pear = fruit::ActiveModel { name: Set("Pear".to_owned()), ..Default::default() }; // insert one: Active Record style let apple = apple.insert(db).await?; apple.id == 1; // insert one: repository style let result = Fruit::insert(apple).exec(db).await?; result.last_insert_id == 1; // insert many returning last insert id let result = Fruit::insert_many([apple, pear]).exec(db).await?; result.last_insert_id == Some(2); ``` ### Insert (advanced) You can take advantage of database specific features to perform upsert and idempotent insert. ```rust // insert many with returning (if supported by database) let models: Vec<fruit::Model> = Fruit::insert_many([apple, pear]) .exec_with_returning(db) .await?; models[0] == fruit::Model { id: 1, // database assigned value name: "Apple".to_owned(), cake_id: None, }; // insert with ON CONFLICT on primary key do nothing, with MySQL specific polyfill let result = Fruit::insert_many([apple, pear]) .on_conflict_do_nothing() .exec(db) .await?; matches!(result, TryInsertResult::Conflicted); ``` ### Update ActiveModel avoids race conditions by updating only the fields you've changed, never overwriting untouched columns. You can also craft complex bulk update queries with a fluent query building API. ```rust use sea_orm::sea_query::{Expr, Value}; let pear: Option<fruit::Model> = Fruit::find_by_id(1).one(db).await?; let mut pear: fruit::ActiveModel = pear.unwrap().into(); pear.name = Set("Sweet pear".to_owned()); // update value of a single field // update one: only changed columns will be updated let pear: fruit::Model = pear.update(db).await?; // update many: UPDATE "fruit" SET "cake_id" = "cake_id" + 2 // WHERE "fruit"."name" LIKE '%Apple%' Fruit::update_many() .col_expr(fruit::COLUMN.cake_id, fruit::COLUMN.cake_id.add(2)) .filter(fruit::COLUMN.name.contains("Apple")) .exec(db) .await?; ``` ### Save You can perform "insert or update" operation with ActiveModel, making it easy to compose transactional operations. ```rust let banana = fruit::ActiveModel { id: NotSet, name: Set("Banana".to_owned()), ..Default::default() }; // create, because primary key `id` is `NotSet` let mut banana = banana.save(db).await?; banana.id == Unchanged(2); banana.name = Set("Banana Mongo".to_owned()); // update, because primary key `id` is present let banana = banana.save(db).await?; ``` ### Delete The same ActiveModel API consistent with insert and update. ```rust // delete one: Active Record style let orange: Option<fruit::Model> = Fruit::find_by_id(1).one(db).await?; let orange: fruit::Model = orange.unwrap(); orange.delete(db).await?; // delete one: repository style let orange = fruit::ActiveModel { id: Set(2), ..Default::default() }; fruit::Entity::delete(orange).exec(db).await?; // delete many: DELETE FROM "fruit" WHERE "fruit"."name" LIKE '%Orange%' fruit::Entity::delete_many() .filter(fruit::COLUMN.name.contains("Orange")) .exec(db) .await?; ``` ### Raw SQL Query The `raw_sql!` macro is like the `format!` macro but without the risk of SQL injection. It supports nested parameter interpolation, array and tuple expansion, and even repeating group, offering great flexibility in crafting complex queries. ```rust #[derive(FromQueryResult)] struct CakeWithBakery { name: String, #[sea_orm(nested)] bakery: Option<Bakery>, } #[derive(FromQueryResult)] struct Bakery { #[sea_orm(alias = "bakery_name")] name: String, } let cake_ids = [2, 3, 4]; // expanded by the `..` operator // can use many APIs with raw SQL, including nested select let cake: Option<CakeWithBakery> = CakeWithBakery::find_by_statement(raw_sql!( Sqlite, r#"SELECT "cake"."name", "bakery"."name" AS "bakery_name" FROM "cake" LEFT JOIN "bakery" ON "cake"."bakery_id" = "bakery"."id" WHERE "cake"."id" IN ({..cake_ids})"# )) .one(db) .await?; ``` ## 🧭 Seaography: instant GraphQL API [Seaography](https://github.com/SeaQL/seaography) is a GraphQL framework built for SeaORM. Seaography allows you to build GraphQL resolvers quickly. With just a few commands, you can launch a fullly-featured GraphQL server from SeaORM entities, complete with filter, pagination, relational queries and mutations! Look at the [Seaography Example](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/examples/seaography_example) to learn more. <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/master/examples/seaography_example/Seaography%20example.png"/> ## 🖥️ SeaORM Pro: Professional Admin Panel [SeaORM Pro](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm-pro/) is an admin panel solution allowing you to quickly and easily launch an admin panel for your application - frontend development skills not required, but certainly nice to have! SeaORM Pro has been updated to support the latest features in SeaORM 2.0. Features: + Full CRUD + Built on React + GraphQL + Built-in GraphQL resolver + Customize the UI with TOML config + Role Based Access Control *(new in 2.0)* Read the [Getting Started](https://www.sea-ql.org/sea-orm-pro/docs/install-and-config/getting-started/) guide to learn more.   ## SQL Server Support [SQL Server for SeaORM](https://www.sea-ql.org/SeaORM-X/) offers the same SeaORM API for MSSQL. We ported all test cases and examples, complemented by MSSQL specific documentation. If you are building enterprise software, you can [request commercial access](https://forms.office.com/r/1MuRPJmYBR). It is currently based on SeaORM 1.0, but we will offer free upgrade to existing users when SeaORM 2.0 is finalized. ## Releases SeaORM 2.0 has reached its release candidate phase. We'd love for you to try it out and help shape the final release by [sharing your feedback](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/discussions/). + [Change Log](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/tree/master/CHANGELOG.md) SeaORM 2.0 is shaping up to be our most significant release yet - with a few breaking changes, plenty of enhancements, and a clear focus on developer experience. + [A Sneak Peek at SeaORM 2.0](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-09-16-sea-orm-2.0/) + [SeaORM 2.0: A closer look](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-09-24-sea-orm-2.0/) + [Role Based Access Control in SeaORM 2.0](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-09-30-sea-orm-rbac/) + [Seaography 2.0: A Powerful and Extensible GraphQL Framework](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-10-08-seaography/) + [SeaORM 2.0: New Entity Format](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-10-20-sea-orm-2.0/) + [SeaORM 2.0: Entity First Workflow](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-10-30-sea-orm-2.0/) + [SeaORM 2.0: Strongly-Typed Column](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-11-11-sea-orm-2.0/) + [What's new in SeaORM Pro 2.0](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-11-21-whats-new-in-seaormpro-2.0/) + [SeaORM 2.0: Nested ActiveModel](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-11-25-sea-orm-2.0/) + [A walk-through of SeaORM 2.0](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-12-05-sea-orm-2.0/) + [How we made SeaORM synchronous](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-12-12-sea-orm-2.0/) + [SeaORM 2.0 Migration Guide](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2026-01-12-sea-orm-2.0/) + [SeaORM now supports Arrow & Parquet](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2026-02-22-sea-orm-arrow/) + [SeaORM 2.0 with SQL Server Support](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2026-02-25-sea-orm-x/) If you make extensive use of SeaQuery, we recommend checking out our blog post on SeaQuery 1.0 release: + [The road to SeaQuery 1.0](https://www.sea-ql.org/blog/2025-08-30-sea-query-1.0/) ## License Licensed under either of - Apache License, Version 2.0 ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>) - MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>) at your option. ## Contribution Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the work by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions. We invite you to participate, contribute and together help build Rust's future. A big shout out to our contributors! [](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/graphs/contributors) ## Who's using SeaORM? Here is a short list of awesome open source software built with SeaORM. Feel free to [submit yours](https://github.com/SeaQL/sea-orm/blob/master/COMMUNITY.md#built-with-seaorm)! | Project | GitHub | Tagline | |---------|--------|---------| | [Zed](https://github.com/zed-industries/zed) |  | A high-performance, multiplayer code editor | | [OpenObserve](https://github.com/openobserve/openobserve) |  | Open-source observability platform | | [RisingWave](https://github.com/risingwavelabs/risingwave) |  | Stream processing and management platform | | [LLDAP](https://github.com/nitnelave/lldap) |  | A light LDAP server for user management | | [Warpgate](https://github.com/warp-tech/warpgate) |  | Smart SSH bastion that works with any SSH client | | [Svix](https://github.com/svix/svix-webhooks) |  | The enterprise ready webhooks service | | [Ryot](https://github.com/IgnisDa/ryot) |  | The only self hosted tracker you will ever need | | [Lapdev](https://github.com/lapce/lapdev) |  | Self-hosted remote development enviroment | | [System Initiative](https://github.com/systeminit/si) |  | DevOps Automation Platform | | [OctoBase](https://github.com/toeverything/OctoBase) |  | A light-weight, scalable, offline collaborative data backend | ## Sponsorship [SeaQL.org](https://www.sea-ql.org/) is an independent open-source organization run by passionate developers. If you feel generous, a small donation via [GitHub Sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/SeaQL) will be greatly appreciated, and goes a long way towards sustaining the organization. ### Gold Sponsors <table><tr> <td><a href="https://qdx.co/"> <img src="https://www.sea-ql.org/static/sponsors/QDX.svg" width="138"/> </a></td> </tr></table> [QDX](https://qdx.co/) pioneers quantum dynamics-powered drug discovery, leveraging AI and supercomputing to accelerate molecular modeling. We're immensely grateful to QDX for sponsoring the development of SeaORM, the SQL toolkit that powers their data intensive applications. ### Silver Sponsors We're grateful to our silver sponsors: Digital Ocean, for sponsoring our servers. And JetBrains, for sponsoring our IDE. <table><tr> <td><a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/"> <img src="https://www.sea-ql.org/static/sponsors/DigitalOcean.svg" width="125"> </a></td> <td><a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/"> <img src="https://www.sea-ql.org/static/sponsors/JetBrains.svg" width="125"> </a></td> </tr></table> ## Mascot A friend of Ferris, Terres the hermit crab is the official mascot of SeaORM. His hobby is collecting shells. <img alt="Terres" src="https://www.sea-ql.org/SeaORM/img/Terres.png" width="400"/> ## 🦀 Rustacean Sticker Pack The Rustacean Sticker Pack is the perfect way to express your passion for Rust. Our stickers are made with a premium water-resistant vinyl with a unique matte finish. Sticker Pack Contents: + Logo of SeaQL projects: SeaQL, SeaORM, SeaQuery, Seaography + Mascots: Ferris the Crab x 3, Terres the Hermit Crab + The Rustacean wordmark [Support SeaQL and get a Sticker Pack!](https://www.sea-ql.org/sticker-pack/) All proceeds contributes directly to the ongoing development of SeaQL projects. <a href="https://www.sea-ql.org/sticker-pack/"><img alt="Rustacean Sticker Pack by SeaQL" src="https://www.sea-ql.org/static/sticker-pack-1s.jpg" width="600"/></a> ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"1796","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: []" returns me the "expected json"