base on UNIX-like reverse engineering framework and command-line toolset <a href="https://radare.org/"><img border=0 src="doc/images/r2emoji.png" alt="screenshot" align="left" width="128px"></a> ## Radare2: Libre Reversing Framework for Unix Geeks [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/actions/workflows/ci.yml?query=branch%3Amaster) [](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/actions/workflows/build.yml?query=branch%3Amaster) [](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/actions/workflows/tcc.yml) [](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/741) [](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/416) [](https://discord.gg/YBey7CR9jf) Current git `master` branch is `5.9.9`, next release will be `6.0.0`. * See [abi stability](doc/abi.md) documentation. ### Description r2 is a complete rewrite of radare. It provides a set of libraries, tools and plugins to ease reverse engineering tasks. Distributed under LGPLv3, despite each plugin can have different licenses (see `r2 -Lj` for details) The **radare** project started as a simple command-line hexadecimal editor focused on forensics. Today, r2 is a full-featured low-level command-line tool with support for scripting with the embedded Javascript interpreter or via r2pipe. r2 can edit files on local hard drives, view kernel memory, and debug programs locally or via a remote gdb/windbg servers. r2's wide architecture support allows you to analyze, emulate, debug, modify, and disassemble any binary. <p align="center"> <a href="https://www.radare.org/"><img src="doc/images/shot.png" alt="screenshot" align="center" border=0 width="600px"></a> </p> ## Installation Download the last [released](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2/releases) binaries. The recommended way to install radare2 is from Git repository source: ```sh git clone https://github.com/radareorg/radare2 radare2/sys/install.sh ``` * Run `sys/install.sh` for the default acr+make+symlink installation * meson/ninja (muon/samu also works) and make builds are supported. ### Source Build * r2 can be installed from `git` or via `pip` using `r2env`. * Windows builds require meson and msvc or mingw as compilers * To uninstall the current build of r2 run `make uninstall` * To uninstall ALL the system installations of r2 do: `sudo make purge` On Windows use the .bat scripts and msvc: ```bat preconfigure.bat REM setup python, meson, ninja configure.bat REM run meson b + vs project make.bat REM run ninja -C b prefix\bin\radare2.exe ``` ## Popular Plugins: Using the `r2pm` tool you can browse and install many plugins and tools that use radare2. * [esilsolve](https://github.com/radareorg/esilsolve): The symbolic execution plugin, based on esil and z3 * [iaito](https://github.com/radareorg/iaito): The official Qt graphical interface * [keystone](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2-extras/tree/master/keystone) Assembler instructions using the Keystone library * [decai](https://github.com/radareorg/r2ai) Decompiler based on AI * [r2ai](https://github.com/radareorg/r2ai) Run a Language Model in localhost with Llama inside r2! * [r2dec](https://github.com/wargio/r2dec-js): A decompiler based on r2 written in JS, accessed with the `pdd` command * [r2diaphora](https://github.com/FernandoDoming/r2diaphora): [Diaphora](https://github.com/joxeankoret/diaphora)'s binary diffing engine on top of radare2 * [r2frida](https://github.com/nowsecure/r2frida): The frida io plugin. Start r2 with `r2 frida://0` to use it * [r2ghidra](https://github.com/radareorg/r2ghidra): The standalone native ghidra decompiler accessible with `pdg` * [r4ghidra](https://github.com/radareorg/r4ghidra): Feel the radare joy inside your Ghidra * [r2papi](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2-r2papi) High level api on top of r2pipe * [r2pipe](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2-r2pipe) Script radare2 from any programming language * [r2poke](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2-extras/tree/master/r2poke) Integration with GNU/Poke for extended binary parsing capabilities * [goresym](https://github.com/hanemile/radare2-GoReSym): Import GoReSym symbol as flags * [r2yara](https://github.com/radareorg/r2yara) Run Yara from r2 or use r2 primitives from Yara * [radius2](https://github.com/nowsecure/radius2): A fast symbolic execution engine based on boolector and esil * [r2sarif](https://github.com/radareorg/r2sarif) import/extend/export SARIF documents ## Usage These are the first steps to use r2, read the book or find tutorials for more details ```sh $ r2 /bin/ls # open file in read-only > aaa # analyse the program (r2 -A) > afl # list all functions (try aflt, aflm) > px 32 # print 32 byte hexdump current block > s sym.main # seek to main (using flag name) > f~foo # filter flags matching 'foo' (internal |grep) > iS;is # list sections and symbols (rabin2 -Ss) > pdf; agf # disassembly and ascii-art function graph > oo+;w hello # reopen in read-write and write a string > ?*~... # interactive filter in all command help > q # quit ``` Many plugins are included in r2 by default. But you can extend its capabilities by using the [r2pm](https://github.com/radareorg/radare2-pm) package manager. ```sh r2pm -s <word> # search packages matching a word r2pm -Uci <pkg> # update database and clean install a package r2pm -u <pkg> # uninstall the given package r2pm -l <pkg> # list installed packages ``` ## Resources * [Official Book](https://book.rada.re): Read about r2 usage * [COMMUNITY.md](COMMUNITY.md): Community engagement and loose guidelines * [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md): Information about reporting issues and contributing. See also [Contributing](#contributing) * [DEVELOPERS.md](DEVELOPERS.md): Development guidelines for r2 * [SECURITY.md](SECURITY.md): Instructions for reporting vulnerabilities * [USAGE.md](USAGE.md): Some example commands * [INSTALL.md](INSTALL.md): Installation instructions using make or meson ## Documentation Learn more about r2 watching [youtube talks](https://www.youtube.com/c/r2con) from [r2con](https://rada.re/con). There are also many blogposts, slidedecks and the [official radare2 book](https://book.rada.re), but it's always a good idea to join any of the official chats and drop your questions or feedback there. ## Community * Website: [https://www.radare.org/](https://www.radare.org/) * Discord: [Server](https://discord.gg/YBey7CR9jf) * Mastodon: [@radareorg](https://infosec.exchange/@radareorg) * Telegram: [Main](https://t.me/radare) and [Side](https://t.me/radare_side) channels * [irc.libera.chat](https://libera.chat): `#radare`, `#radare_side` * [Matrix](https://matrix.to/#/#radare:matrix.org): `#radare:matrix.org` # Supported Platforms ## Operating Systems Windows (since XP for x86/x64/arm64), Linux, Darwin, GNU/Hurd, Apple's {Mac,i,iPad,watch}OS, Android, Wasmer, [Dragonfly, Net, Free, Open] BSD, Z/OS, QNX, SerenityOS, Solaris, AIX, Haiku, Vinix, FirefoxOS. ## Architectures i386, x86-64, Alpha, ARM, AVR, BPF, MIPS, PowerPC, SPARC, RISC-V, SH, m68k, S390, XCore, CR16, HPPA, ARC, Blackfin, Z80, H8/300, V810, PDP11, m680x, V850, CRIS, XAP (CSR), PIC, LM32, 8051, 6502, i4004, i8080, Propeller, EVM, OR1K Tricore, CHIP-8, LH5801, T8200, GameBoy, SNES, SPC700, MSP430, Xtensa, xcore, NIOS II, Java, Dalvik, Pickle, WebAssembly, MSIL, EBC, TMS320 (c54x, c55x, c55+, c64x), Hexagon, Brainfuck, Malbolge, whitespace, DCPU16, LANAI, lm32, MCORE, mcs96, RSP, SuperH-4, VAX, KVX, Am29000, LOONGARCH, JDH8, s390x, STM8. ## File Formats ELF, Mach-O, Fatmach-O, PE, PE+, MZ, COFF, XCOFF, OMF, TE, XBE, SEP64, BIOS/UEFI, Dyldcache, DEX, ART, Java class, Android boot image, Plan9 executables, Amiga HUNK, ZIMG, MBN/SBL bootloader, ELF coredump, MDMP (Windows minidump), PDP11, XTAC, CGC, WASM (WebAssembly binary), Commodore VICE emulator, QNX, WAD, OFF, TIC-80, GB/GBA, NDS and N3DS, and mount several filesystems like NTFS, FAT, HFS+, EXT,... ## Packaging Status * [](https://snapcraft.io/radare2) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) * [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) [](https://repology.org/project/radare2/versions) ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"2330","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"