base on These are the best resources for System Design on the Internet # System Design Resources These are the best resources for System Design on the Internet. # Table of Contents - [Video Processing](#video-processing) - [Cluster and Workflow Management](#cluster-and-workflow-management) - [Intra-Service Messaging](#intra-service-messaging) - [Message Queue Antipattern](#message-queue-antipattern) - [Service Mesh](#service-mesh) - [Practical System Design](#practical-system-design) - [Distributed File System](#distributed-file-system) - [Time Series Databases](#time-series-databases) - [Rate Limiting](#rate-limiting) - [In Memory Database - Redis](#in-memory-database---redis) - [Network Protocols](#network-protocols) - [Chess Engine Design](#chess-engine-design) - [Subscription Management System](#subscription-management-system) - [Google Docs](#google-docs) - [API Design](#api-design) - [NoSQL Database Internals](#nosql-database-internals) - [NoSQL Database Algorithms](#nosql-database-algorithms) - [Database Replication](#database-replication) - [Containers and Docker](#containers-and-docker) - [Capacity Estimation](#capacity-estimation) - [Publisher Subscriber](#publisher-subscriber) - [Event Driven Architectures](#event-driven-architectures) - [Software Architectures](#software-architectures) - [Microservices](#microservices) - [Distributed Transactions consistency Patterns](#distributed-transactions-consistency-patterns) - [Load Balancing](#load-balancing) - [Alerts and Anomaly Detection](#alerts-and-anomaly-detection) - [Distributed Logging](#distributed-logging) - [Metrics and Text Search Engine](#metrics-and-text-search-engine) - [Single Point of Failure](#single-point-of-failure) - [Location Based Services](#location-based-services) - [Batch Processing](#batch-processing) - [Real Time Stream Processing](#real-time-stream-processing) - [Caching](#caching) - [Distributed Consensus](#distributed-consensus) - [Authorization](#authorization) - [Content Delivery Network](#content-delivery-network) - [Testing Distributed Systems](#testing-distributed-systems) - [System Design Resources](#system-design-resources) ## ## Video Processing - [Transcoding Videos at Scale](https://www.egnyte.com/blog/2018/12/transcoding-how-we-serve-videos-at-scale/) - [Facebook Video Broadcasting](https://engineering.fb.com/ios/under-the-hood-broadcasting-live-video-to-millions/) - [Netflix Video Encoding at Scale](https://netflixtechblog.com/high-quality-video-encoding-at-scale-d159db052746) - [Netflix Shot based encoding](https://netflixtechblog.com/optimized-shot-based-encodes-now-streaming-4b9464204830) ## ## Cluster and Workflow Management - [Facebook Cluster Management](https://engineering.fb.com/data-center-engineering/twine/) - [Google Autopilot - Autoscaling](https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3342195.3387524) - [Netflix Workflow Orchestration](https://netflix.github.io/conductor/) - [Opensource Workflow Management](https://github.com/spotify/luigi) - [Meta Hardware Management](https://engineering.fb.com/2020/12/09/data-center-engineering/how-facebook-keeps-its-large-scale-infrastructure-hardware-up-and-running/) - [Meta Capacity Assignment](https://engineering.fb.com/2022/09/06/data-center-engineering/viewing-the-world-as-a-computer-global-capacity-management/) - [Amazon EC2](https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2015/07/under-the-hood-of-the-amazon-ec2-container-service.html) ## ## Intra-Service Messaging - [What is a message queue](https://www.cloudamqp.com/blog/what-is-message-queuing.html) - [AirBnb Idempotency](https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/avoiding-double-payments-in-a-distributed-payments-system-2981f6b070bb) - [Meta Async Task Computing](https://engineering.fb.com/2023/01/31/production-engineering/meta-asynchronous-computing/) ## Message Queue Antipattern - [DB as queue Antipattern](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database-as-IPC) - [Using a database as a message queue](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/231410/why-database-as-queue-so-bad) - [Anti-pattern of DB as a queue](http://mikehadlow.blogspot.com/2012/04/database-as-queue-anti-pattern.html) - [Drawbacks of DB as a queue](https://www.cloudamqp.com/blog/why-is-a-database-not-the-right-tool-for-a-queue-based-system.html) ## ## Service Mesh - [Kubernetes Service Mesh](https://akomljen.com/kubernetes-service-mesh/) - [Kubernetes Sidecar](https://www.weave.works/blog/introduction-to-service-meshes-on-kubernetes-and-progressive-delivery) - [Service Mesh](https://www.weave.works/blog/introduction-to-service-meshes-on-kubernetes-and-progressive-delivery) - [NginX Service Mesh](https://docs.nginx.com/nginx-service-mesh/about/what-is-nsm/) - [Data Plane and Control Plane](https://blog.envoyproxy.io/service-mesh-data-plane-vs-control-plane-2774e720f7fc) ## ## Practical System Design - [Facebook Messenger Optimisations](https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-facebooks-software-engineers-prepare-messenger-for-new-years-eve) - [YouTube Architecture](http://highscalability.com/youtube-architecture) - [YouTube scalability 2012](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5WVu624fY8) - [Distributed Design Patterns](http://horicky.blogspot.com/2010/10/scalable-system-design-patterns.html) - [Monolith to Microservice](https://martinfowler.com/articles/break-monolith-into-microservices.html) - [Zerodha Tech Stack](https://zerodha.tech/blog/hello-world/) ## ## Distributed File System - [Open Source Distributed File System](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/architecture/) - [Amazon S3 Performance hacks](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-s3-performance-tips-tricks-seattle-hiring-event/) - [Amazon S3 object expiration](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/amazon-s3-object-expiration/) ## ## Time Series Databases - [Pinterest Time Series Database](https://medium.com/pinterest-engineering/goku-building-a-scalable-and-high-performant-time-series-database-system-a8ff5758a181) - [Uber Time Series DB](https://eng.uber.com/aresdb/) - [TimeSeries Relational DB](https://blog.timescale.com/blog/time-series-data-why-and-how-to-use-a-relational-database-instead-of-nosql-d0cd6975e87c) - [Facebook Gorilla Time Series DB](http://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol8/p1816-teller.pdf) ## ## Rate Limiting - [Circuit Breaker Algorithm](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html) - [Uber Rate Limiter](https://github.com/uber-go/ratelimit/blob/master/ratelimit.go) ## ## In Memory Database - Redis - [Redis Official Documentation](https://redis.com/) - [Learn Redis through Redis University](https://university.redis.com/) - [Redis Open Source Repo](https://github.com/redis/redis) - [Redis Architecture](https://medium.com/opstree-technology/redis-cluster-architecture-replication-sharding-and-failover-86871e783ac0) ## ## Network Protocols - [What is HTTP](https://engineering.cred.club/head-of-line-hol-blocking-in-http-1-and-http-2-50b24e9e3372) - [QUIC Protocol](https://www.akamai.com/blog/performance/http3-and-quic-past-present-and-future) - [TCP Protocol algorithms](https://ee.lbl.gov/papers/congavoid.pdf) (First 10 pages are important) - [WebRTC](https://webrtc.github.io/webrtc-org/blog/2012/07/23/a-great-introduction-to-webrtc.html) - [WebSockets](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455#section-1.2) - [Dynamic Source Routing using QUIC](https://fb.watch/fSEbI4KHlA/) ## ## Chess Engine Design - [Chess Engine Building](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4ogK0MIzqk) ## ## Subscription Management System - [Subscription Manager](https://netflixtechblog.com/building-a-rule-based-platform-to-manage-netflix-membership-skus-at-scale-e3c0f82aa7bc) ## ## Google Docs - [Operational Transform](http://www.codecommit.com/blog/java/understanding-and-applying-operational-transformation) - [Google Docs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uOFzWZrsPV0&list=PLX) - [Lumiere](https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2401.12945) ## ## API Design - [API Design at Airbnb](https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/building-services-at-airbnb-part-1-c4c1d8fa811b) - [Swagger APIs](https://swagger.io/docs/specification/about/) ## ## NoSQL Database Internals - [Cassandra Architecture](https://docs.datastax.com/en/archived/cassandra/3.0/cassandra/architecture/archIntro.html) - [Google BigTable Architecture](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/bigtable-osdi06.pdf) - [Amazon Dynamo DB Internals](https://www.allthingsdistributed.com/2007/10/amazons_dynamo.html) - [Design Patterns in Amazon Dynamo DB](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaEPXoXVf2k) - [Internals of Amazon Dynamo DB](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvBR71D0nAQ) ## ## NoSQL Database Algorithms - [Hyperloglog Algorithm](https://odino.org/my-favorite-data-structure-hyperloglog/) - [Log Structured Merge Tree](https://www.cs.umb.edu/~poneil/lsmtree.pdf) - [Sorted String Tables and Compaction Strategies](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla/wiki/SSTable-compaction-and-compaction-strategies) - [Leveled Compaction Cassandra](https://www.datastax.com/blog/leveled-compaction-apache-cassandra) - [Scylla DB Compaction](https://github.com/scylladb/scylla/wiki/SSTable-compaction-and-compaction-strategies) - [Indexing in Cassandra](https://www.bmc.com/blogs/cassandra-clustering-columns-partition-composite-key/) ## ## Database Replication - [Database replication](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replication.html) - [Netflix Data replication - Change Data Capture](https://netflixtechblog.com/dblog-a-generic-change-data-capture-framework-69351fb9099b) - [LinkedIn Logging Usecases](https://engineering.linkedin.com/distributed-systems/log-what-every-software-engineer-should-know-about-real-time-datas-unifying) - [Uber Trillions of indexes in LedgerStore](https://www.uber.com/en-IN/blog/how-ledgerstore-supports-trillions-of-indexes) ## ## Containers and Docker - [Facebook Twine Containerization](https://engineering.fb.com/developer-tools/zookeeper-twine/) - [CloudFlare Containerization](https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloud-computing-without-containers/) - [Docker Architecture](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/overview/#docker-architecture) ## ## Capacity Estimation - [Google Capacity Estimation](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=modXC5IWTJI) - [Scalability at YouTube 2012](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-lGCC4KKok) - [Back of envelope Calculations at AWS](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3qetLv2Yp0) - [Capacity Estimation](http://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//people/jeff/stanford-295-talk.pdf) ## ## Publisher Subscriber - [Oracle Publisher Subscriber](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B10501_01/appdev.920/a96590/adg15pub.htm) - [Amazon Pub Sub Messaging](https://aws.amazon.com/pub-sub-messaging/) - [Asynchronous processing](http://blog.codepath.com/2013/01/06/asynchronous-processing-in-web-applications-part-2-developers-need-to-understand-message-queues/) - [Async Request Response](https://www.enterpriseintegrationpatterns.com/patterns/conversation/RequestResponse.html) ## ## Event Driven Architectures - [Martin Fowler- Event Driven Architecture](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=STKCRSUsyP0) - [Event Driven Architecture](https://martinfowler.com/articles/201701-event-driven.html) ## ## Software Architectures - [Hexagonal Architecture](https://netflixtechblog.com/ready-for-changes-with-hexagonal-architecture-b315ec967749) - [Hexagonal architecture (Alistair Cockburn)](https://alistair.cockburn.us/hexagonal-architecture/) - [The Clean Code by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob)](https://blog.cleancoder.com/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html) - [CQRS](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CQRS.html) - [DomainDrivenDesign](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/DomainDrivenDesign.html) ## ## Microservices - [Monolith Architecture](https://buttercms.com/books/microservices-for-startups/should-you-always-start-with-a-monolith/) - [Monoliths vs Microservices](https://articles.microservices.com/monolithic-vs-microservices-architecture-5c4848858f59) - [Microservices](http://highscalability.com/blog/2018/4/5/do-you-have-too-many-microservices-five-design-attributes-th.html) - [Uber Nanoservices antipattern](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kb-m2fasdDY) - [Uber Domain oriented microservice](https://eng.uber.com/microservice-architecture/) ## ## Distributed Transactions consistency Patterns - [Transactional outbox](https://microservices.io/patterns/data/transactional-outbox.html) - [SAGAS Long lived transactions (LLTs)](https://www.cs.cornell.edu/andru/cs711/2002fa/reading/sagas.pdf) ## ## Load Balancing - [Load Balancer with Sticky Sessions](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10494431/sticky-and-non-sticky-sessions) - [NetScaler what is load balancing](https://www.netscaler.com/articles/what-is-load-balancing) - [Nginx Load Balancing](https://www.nginx.com/resources/glossary/load-balancing/) - [Consistent hashing](https://michaelnielsen.org/blog/consistent-hashing/) - [Minimizing connection churn](https://netflixtechblog.com/curbing-connection-churn-in-zuul-2feb273a3598#5e4d) - [Google Subsetting Algorithm](https://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=3570937) ## ## Alerts and Anomaly Detection - [Outlier Detection](https://towardsdatascience.com/outlier-detection-with-isolation-forest-3d190448d45e) - [Anomaly Detection](https://towardsdatascience.com/machine-learning-for-anomaly-detection-and-condition-monitoring-d4614e7de770) - [Uber Real Time Monitoring and Root Cause Analysis Argos](https://eng.uber.com/argos-real-time-alerts/) - [Microsoft Anomaly Detection](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12Xq9OLdQwQ&t=0s) - [Facebook Data Engineering](https://engineering.fb.com/2016/05/09/core-data/introducing-fblearner-flow-facebook-s-ai-backbone/) - [LinkedIn Real Time Alerting](https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2019/06/smart-alerts-in-thirdeye--linkedins-real-time-monitoring-platfor) - [LinkedIn Isolation Forests](https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2019/isolation-forest) ## ## Distributed Logging - [Uber Distributed Request Tracing](https://eng.uber.com/distributed-tracing/) - [Pintrest Logging](https://medium.com/@Pinterest_Engineering/open-sourcing-singer-pinterests-performant-and-reliable-logging-agent-610fecf35566) - [Google Monitoring Infrastructure](https://www.facebook.com/atscaleevents/videos/959344524420015/) ## ## Metrics and Text Search Engine - [Facebook real-time text search engine](https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=432864835468) - [Elastic Search Time Based Querying](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/current/time-based.html) - [Elastic Search Aggregation](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/guide/current/aggregations.html) ## ## Single Point of Failure - [Avoiding Single Points of Failure](https://medium.com/the-cloud-architect/patterns-for-resilient-architecture-part-3-16e8601c488e) - [Netflix Multi-Region Availability](https://netflixtechblog.com/active-active-for-multi-regional-resiliency-c47719f6685b) - [Oracle Single Points of failure](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19693-01/819-0992/fjdch/index.html) - [DNS single point of failure 2004](http://www.tenereillo.com/GSLBPageOfShame.htm) - [DNS traffic management by Shopify](https://shopify.engineering/introduction-dns-traffic-management) - [Sharding](https://medium.com/@jeeyoungk/how-sharding-works-b4dec46b3f6) ## ## Location Based Services - [Google S2 library](https://blog.christianperone.com/2015/08/googles-s2-geometry-on-the-sphere-cells-and-hilbert-curve/) ## ## Batch Processing - [Map Reduce Architecture](https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.com/en//archive/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf) ## ## Real Time Stream Processing - [LinkedIn Brooklin- Real-time data streaming](https://engineering.linkedin.com/blog/2019/brooklin-open-source) - [Netflix Real Time Stream Processing](https://netflixtechblog.com/keystone-real-time-stream-processing-platform-a3ee651812a) - [KSQLDB for Kafka](https://docs.ksqldb.io/en/latest/operate-and-deploy/how-it-works/) - [Netflix Psyberg](https://netflixtechblog.com/1-streamlining-membership-data-engineering-at-netflix-with-psyberg-f68830617dd1) ## ## Caching - [Google Guava Cache](https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/CachesExplained) - [Caching (See the README)](https://github.com/ben-manes/caffeine/) - [Caching](http://highscalability.com/blog/2016/1/25/design-of-a-modern-cache.html) - [Microsoft Caching Guide](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/msp-n-p/dn589802(v%3dpandp.10)) - [Caching patterns](https://hazelcast.com/blog/a-hitchhikers-guide-to-caching-patterns/) - [Uber's Integrated Cache for 40M RPS](https://www.uber.com/en-IN/blog/how-uber-serves-over-40-million-reads-per-second-using-an-integrated-cache) ## ## Distributed consensus - [Paxos](http://ifeanyi.co/posts/understanding-consensus/) - [Raft](https://raft.github.io/) ## ## Authorization - [Designing an Authorization Model for an Enterprise](https://cerbos.dev/blog/designing-an-authorization-model-for-an-enterprise) - [The Architectural Patterns of Cloud-native Authorization Systems](https://www.aserto.com/blog/5-laws-cloud-native-authorization) ## ## Content Delivery Network - [AWS CloudFront CDN with S3](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/networking-and-content-delivery/amazon-s3-amazon-cloudfront-a-match-made-in-the-cloud/) ## ## Testing Distributed Systems - [Deterministic Testing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fFDFbi3toc) - [TLA+ by Leslie Lamport](https://lamport.azurewebsites.net/tla/tla.html) - [Jepsen](https://jenpsen.io) ## ## System Design Resources - [Designing Data-Intensive Applications Book](https://amzn.to/3SyNAOy) - [WhitePapers](https://interviewready.io/blog/white-papers-worth-reading-for-software-engineers) - [InterviewReady Videos](https://interviewready.io?source=github) - [System Design Online Judge](https://interviewready.io/question-list/system-design-judge) ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"3204","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"