AI prompts
base on Download market data from Yahoo! Finance's API # Download market data from Yahoo! Finance's API
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#### \*\*\* IMPORTANT LEGAL DISCLAIMER \*\*\*
---
**Yahoo!, Y!Finance, and Yahoo! finance are registered trademarks of
Yahoo, Inc.**
yfinance is **not** affiliated, endorsed, or vetted by Yahoo, Inc. It's
an open-source tool that uses Yahoo's publicly available APIs, and is
intended for research and educational purposes.
**You should refer to Yahoo!'s terms of use**
([here](https://policies.yahoo.com/us/en/yahoo/terms/product-atos/apiforydn/index.htm),
[here](https://legal.yahoo.com/us/en/yahoo/terms/otos/index.html), and
[here](https://policies.yahoo.com/us/en/yahoo/terms/index.htm)) **for
details on your rights to use the actual data downloaded. Remember - the
Yahoo! finance API is intended for personal use only.**
</td></tr></table>
---
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**yfinance** offers a threaded and Pythonic way to download market data from [Yahoo!Ⓡ finance](https://finance.yahoo.com).
→ Check out this [Blog post](https://aroussi.com/#post/python-yahoo-finance) for a detailed tutorial with code examples.
[Changelog »](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance/blob/main/CHANGELOG.rst)
---
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Quick start](#quick-start)
- [Advanced](#logging)
- [Wiki](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance/wiki)
- [Contribute](#developers-want-to-contribute)
---
## Installation
Install `yfinance` using `pip`:
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
$ pip install yfinance --upgrade --no-cache-dir
```
[With Conda](https://anaconda.org/ranaroussi/yfinance).
To install with optional dependencies, replace `optional` with: `nospam` for [caching-requests](#smarter-scraping), `repair` for [price repair](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance/wiki/Price-repair), or `nospam,repair` for both:
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
$ pip install "yfinance[optional]"
```
[Required dependencies](./requirements.txt) , [all dependencies](./setup.py#L62).
---
## Quick Start
### The Ticker module
The `Ticker` module, which allows you to access ticker data in a more Pythonic way:
```python
import yfinance as yf
msft = yf.Ticker("MSFT")
# get all stock info
msft.info
# get historical market data
hist = msft.history(period="1mo")
# show meta information about the history (requires history() to be called first)
msft.history_metadata
# show actions (dividends, splits, capital gains)
msft.actions
msft.dividends
msft.splits
msft.capital_gains # only for mutual funds & etfs
# show share count
msft.get_shares_full(start="2022-01-01", end=None)
# show financials:
msft.calendar
msft.sec_filings
# - income statement
msft.income_stmt
msft.quarterly_income_stmt
# - balance sheet
msft.balance_sheet
msft.quarterly_balance_sheet
# - cash flow statement
msft.cashflow
msft.quarterly_cashflow
# see `Ticker.get_income_stmt()` for more options
# show holders
msft.major_holders
msft.institutional_holders
msft.mutualfund_holders
msft.insider_transactions
msft.insider_purchases
msft.insider_roster_holders
msft.sustainability
# show recommendations
msft.recommendations
msft.recommendations_summary
msft.upgrades_downgrades
# show analysts data
msft.analyst_price_targets
msft.earnings_estimate
msft.revenue_estimate
msft.earnings_history
msft.eps_trend
msft.eps_revisions
msft.growth_estimates
# Show future and historic earnings dates, returns at most next 4 quarters and last 8 quarters by default.
# Note: If more are needed use msft.get_earnings_dates(limit=XX) with increased limit argument.
msft.earnings_dates
# show ISIN code - *experimental*
# ISIN = International Securities Identification Number
msft.isin
# show options expirations
msft.options
# show news
msft.news
# get option chain for specific expiration
opt = msft.option_chain('YYYY-MM-DD')
# data available via: opt.calls, opt.puts
```
For tickers that are ETFs/Mutual Funds, `Ticker.funds_data` provides access to fund related data.
Funds' Top Holdings and other data with category average is returned as `pd.DataFrame`.
```python
import yfinance as yf
spy = yf.Ticker('SPY')
data = spy.funds_data
# show fund description
data.description
# show operational information
data.fund_overview
data.fund_operations
# show holdings related information
data.asset_classes
data.top_holdings
data.equity_holdings
data.bond_holdings
data.bond_ratings
data.sector_weightings
```
If you want to use a proxy server for downloading data, use:
```python
import yfinance as yf
msft = yf.Ticker("MSFT")
msft.history(..., proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.get_actions(proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.get_dividends(proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.get_splits(proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.get_capital_gains(proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.get_balance_sheet(proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.get_cashflow(proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
msft.option_chain(..., proxy="PROXY_SERVER")
...
```
### Multiple tickers
To initialize multiple `Ticker` objects, use
```python
import yfinance as yf
tickers = yf.Tickers('msft aapl goog')
# access each ticker using (example)
tickers.tickers['MSFT'].info
tickers.tickers['AAPL'].history(period="1mo")
tickers.tickers['GOOG'].actions
```
To download price history into one table:
```python
import yfinance as yf
data = yf.download("SPY AAPL", period="1mo")
```
#### `yf.download()` and `Ticker.history()` have many options for configuring fetching and processing. [Review the Wiki](https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance/wiki) for more options and detail.
### Sector and Industry
The `Sector` and `Industry` modules allow you to access the US market information.
To initialize, use the relevant sector or industry key as below. (Complete mapping of the keys is available in `const.py`.)
```python
import yfinance as yf
tech = yf.Sector('technology')
software = yf.Industry('software-infrastructure')
# Common information
tech.key
tech.name
tech.symbol
tech.ticker
tech.overview
tech.top_companies
tech.research_reports
# Sector information
tech.top_etfs
tech.top_mutual_funds
tech.industries
# Industry information
software.sector_key
software.sector_name
software.top_performing_companies
software.top_growth_companies
```
The modules can be chained with Ticker as below.
```python
import yfinance as yf
# Ticker to Sector and Industry
msft = yf.Ticker('MSFT')
tech = yf.Sector(msft.info.get('sectorKey'))
software = yf.Industry(msft.info.get('industryKey'))
# Sector and Industry to Ticker
tech_ticker = tech.ticker
tech_ticker.info
software_ticker = software.ticker
software_ticker.history()
```
### Market Screener
The `Screener` module allows you to screen the market based on specified queries.
#### Query Construction
To create a query, you can use the `EquityQuery` class to construct your filters step by step. The queries support operators: `GT` (greater than), `LT` (less than), `BTWN` (between), `EQ` (equals), and logical operators `AND` and `OR` for combining multiple conditions.
#### Screener
The `Screener` class is used to execute the queries and return the filtered results. You can set a custom body for the screener or use predefined configurations.
<!-- TODO: link to Github Pages for more including list of predefined bodies, supported fields, operands, and sample code -->
### Logging
`yfinance` now uses the `logging` module to handle messages, default behaviour is only print errors. If debugging, use `yf.enable_debug_mode()` to switch logging to debug with custom formatting.
### Smarter scraping
Install the `nospam` packages for smarter scraping using `pip` (see [Installation](#installation)). These packages help cache calls such that Yahoo is not spammed with requests.
To use a custom `requests` session, pass a `session=` argument to
the Ticker constructor. This allows for caching calls to the API as well as a custom way to modify requests via the `User-agent` header.
```python
import requests_cache
session = requests_cache.CachedSession('yfinance.cache')
session.headers['User-agent'] = 'my-program/1.0'
ticker = yf.Ticker('msft', session=session)
# The scraped response will be stored in the cache
ticker.actions
```
Combine `requests_cache` with rate-limiting to avoid triggering Yahoo's rate-limiter/blocker that can corrupt data.
```python
from requests import Session
from requests_cache import CacheMixin, SQLiteCache
from requests_ratelimiter import LimiterMixin, MemoryQueueBucket
from pyrate_limiter import Duration, RequestRate, Limiter
class CachedLimiterSession(CacheMixin, LimiterMixin, Session):
pass
session = CachedLimiterSession(
limiter=Limiter(RequestRate(2, Duration.SECOND*5)), # max 2 requests per 5 seconds
bucket_class=MemoryQueueBucket,
backend=SQLiteCache("yfinance.cache"),
)
```
### Managing Multi-Level Columns
The following answer on Stack Overflow is for [How to deal with
multi-level column names downloaded with
yfinance?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63107801)
- `yfinance` returns a `pandas.DataFrame` with multi-level column
names, with a level for the ticker and a level for the stock price
data
- The answer discusses:
- How to correctly read the the multi-level columns after
saving the dataframe to a csv with `pandas.DataFrame.to_csv`
- How to download single or multiple tickers into a single
dataframe with single level column names and a ticker column
### Persistent cache store
To reduce Yahoo, yfinance store some data locally: timezones to localize dates, and cookie. Cache location is:
- Windows = C:/Users/\<USER\>/AppData/Local/py-yfinance
- Linux = /home/\<USER\>/.cache/py-yfinance
- MacOS = /Users/\<USER\>/Library/Caches/py-yfinance
You can direct cache to use a different location with `set_tz_cache_location()`:
```python
import yfinance as yf
yf.set_tz_cache_location("custom/cache/location")
...
```
---
## Developers: want to contribute?
`yfinance` relies on community to investigate bugs and contribute code. Developer guide: https://github.com/ranaroussi/yfinance/discussions/1084
---
### Legal Stuff
**yfinance** is distributed under the **Apache Software License**. See
the [LICENSE.txt](./LICENSE.txt) file in the release for details.
AGAIN - yfinance is **not** affiliated, endorsed, or vetted by Yahoo, Inc. It's
an open-source tool that uses Yahoo's publicly available APIs, and is
intended for research and educational purposes. You should refer to Yahoo!'s terms of use
([here](https://policies.yahoo.com/us/en/yahoo/terms/product-atos/apiforydn/index.htm),
[here](https://legal.yahoo.com/us/en/yahoo/terms/otos/index.html), and
[here](https://policies.yahoo.com/us/en/yahoo/terms/index.htm)) for
details on your rights to use the actual data downloaded.
---
### P.S.
Please drop me an note with any feedback you have.
**Ran Aroussi**
", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"4578","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"