base on Multipass orchestrates virtual Ubuntu instances # What is Multipass? Multipass is a lightweight VM manager for Linux, Windows and macOS. It's designed for developers who want to spin up a fresh Ubuntu environment with a single command. It uses KVM on Linux, Hyper-V on Windows and QEMU on macOS to run virtual machines with minimal overhead. It can also use VirtualBox on Windows and macOS. Multipass will fetch Ubuntu images for you and keep them up to date. Since it supports metadata for cloud-init, you can simulate a small cloud deployment on your laptop or workstation. ## Project status | Service | Status | |------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------| | [CI](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/actions) | [![Build Status][gha-image]][gha-url] | | [Snap](https://snapcraft.io/) | [![Build Status][snap-image]][snap-url] | | [Codecov](https://codecov.io/) | [![Codecov Status][codecov-image]][codecov-url] | # Installation * On **Linux**, Multipass is available as a snap: ``` sudo snap install multipass ``` * On **macOS**, download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases). Alternatively, you can use [Homebrew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew). Please note that this method is **not officially supported**, as it is not maintained by the Multipass team, but by the community. Multipass is available as a cask: ``` brew install --cask multipass ``` Please note that you may be required to enter your password for some sudo operations during installation. You may also need to disable the firewall to launch a multipass instance successfully on macOS. * On **Windows**, download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases). For more information, see [How to install Multipass](https://canonical.com/multipass/docs/install-multipass). # Usage Here are some pointers to get started with Multipass. For a more comprehensive learning experience, please check out the Multipass [Tutorial](https://canonical.com/multipass/docs/tutorial). ## Find available images ``` $ multipass find Image Aliases Version Description 20.04 focal 20240731 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 22.04 jammy 20240808 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 24.04 noble,lts 20240806 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Blueprint Aliases Version Description anbox-cloud-appliance latest Anbox Cloud Appliance charm-dev latest A development and testing environment for charmers docker 0.4 A Docker environment with Portainer and related tools jellyfin latest Jellyfin is a Free Software Media System that puts you in control of managing and streaming your media. minikube latest minikube is local Kubernetes ros-noetic 0.1 A development and testing environment for ROS Noetic. ros2-humble 0.1 A development and testing environment for ROS 2 Humble. ``` ## Launch a fresh instance of the current Ubuntu LTS ``` $ multipass launch lts Launched: dancing-chipmunk ``` ## Check out the running instances ``` $ multipass list Name State IPv4 Image dancing-chipmunk Running 192.168.64.8 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS phlegmatic-bluebird Stopped -- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS docker Running 192.168.64.11 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 172.17.0.1 ``` ## Learn more about an instance ``` $ multipass info dancing-chipmunk Name: dancing-chipmunk State: Running Snapshots: 0 IPv4: 192.168.64.8 Release: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Image hash: e2608bfdbc44 (Ubuntu 24.04 LTS) CPU(s): 1 Load: 5.70 4.58 2.63 Disk usage: 3.3GiB out of 4.8GiB Memory usage: 769.0MiB out of 953.0MiB Mounts: -- ``` ## Connect to a running instance ``` $ multipass shell dancing-chipmunk Welcome to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.8.0-39-generic aarch64) ... ``` Don't forget to logout (or Ctrl-D) or you may find yourself heading all the way down Inception levels... ;) ## Run commands inside an instance from outside ``` $ multipass exec dancing-chipmunk -- lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Release: 24.04 Codename: noble ``` ## Stop an instance to save resources ``` $ multipass stop dancing-chipmunk ``` ## Delete an instance ``` $ multipass delete dancing-chipmunk ``` The instance will now show up as deleted: ``` $ multipass list Name State IPv4 Image dancing-chipmunk Deleted -- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS phlegmatic-bluebird Stopped -- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS docker Running 192.168.64.11 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 172.17.0.1 ``` If you want to completely get rid of it: ``` $ multipass purge ``` ## Get help ``` multipass help multipass help <command> ``` # Contributing The Multipass team appreciates contributions to the project, through pull requests, issues, or discussions and questions on the [Discourse forum](https://discourse.ubuntu.com/c/multipass/21). Please read the policy sections below carefully before contributing to the project. <!-- TODO: link to guidelines --> ## Building Multipass For build instructions, please refer to the following files: - [BUILD.linux.md](BUILD.linux.md) for Linux - [BUILD.macOS.md](BUILD.macOS.md) for macOS - [BUILD.windows.md](BUILD.windows.md) for Windows Please report any outdated information or inconsistencies in these files. Or, even better, submit a pull request with the changes! Our CI setup is also a good reference for building and testing Multipass. ### Automatic linker selection ***Requires (>= CMake 3.29)*** To accelerate the build, the build system will attempt to locate and utilize `mold` or `lld` (respectively) in place of the default linker of the toolchain. To override, set [CMAKE_LINKER_TYPE](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/variable/CMAKE_LINKER_TYPE.html#cmake-linker-type) at CMake configure step. ## Code of Conduct When contributing, you must adhere to the [Code of Conduct](https://ubuntu.com/community/ethos/code-of-conduct). ## Copyright The code in this repository is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0. See [LICENSE](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/blob/main/LICENSE) for more information. ## License agreement All contributors must sign the [Canonical contributor license agreement (CLA)](https://ubuntu.com/legal/contributors), which gives Canonical permission to use the contributions. Without the CLA, contributions cannot be accepted. ## Pull requests Changes to this project should be proposed as pull requests. Proposed changes will then go through review and once approved, be merged into the main branch. # Additional information [Multipass documentation](https://canonical.com/multipass/docs) [gha-image]: https://github.com/canonical/multipass/workflows/Linux/badge.svg?branch=main [gha-url]: https://github.com/canonical/multipass/actions?query=branch%3Amain+workflow%3ALinux [snap-image]: https://snapcraft.io/multipass/badge.svg [snap-url]: https://snapcraft.io/multipass [codecov-image]: https://codecov.io/gh/canonical/multipass/branch/main/graph/badge.svg [codecov-url]: https://codecov.io/gh/canonical/multipass ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"6610","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"