base on Multipass orchestrates virtual Ubuntu instances # What is Multipass? Multipass is a lightweight VM manager for Linux, Windows and macOS. It's designed for developers who want to spin up a fresh Ubuntu environment with a single command. It uses KVM on Linux, Hyper-V on Windows and QEMU on macOS to run virtual machines with minimal overhead. It can also use VirtualBox on Windows and macOS. Multipass will fetch Ubuntu images for you and keep them up to date. Since it supports metadata for cloud-init, you can simulate a small cloud deployment on your laptop or workstation. ## Project status | Service | Status | |-----|:---| | [CI](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/actions) | [![Build Status][gha-image]][gha-url] | | [Snap](https://snapcraft.io/) | [![Build Status][snap-image]][snap-url] | | [Codecov](https://codecov.io/) | [![Codecov Status][codecov-image]][codecov-url] | # Installation * On **Linux**, Multipass is available as a snap: ``` sudo snap install multipass ``` * On **macOS**, download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases). Alternatively, you can use [Homebrew](https://github.com/Homebrew/brew). Please note that this method is **not officially supported**, as it is not maintained by the Multipass team, but by the community. Multipass is available as a cask: ``` brew install --cask multipass ``` Please note that you may be required to enter your password for some sudo operations during installation. You may also need to disable the firewall to launch a multipass instance successfully on macOS. * On **Windows**, download the installer [from GitHub](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/releases). For more information, see [How to install Multipass](https://canonical.com/multipass/docs/install-multipass). # Usage Here are some pointers to get started with Multipass. For a more comprehensive learning experience, please check out the Multipass [Tutorial](https://canonical.com/multipass/docs/tutorial). ## Find available images ``` $ multipass find Image Aliases Version Description 20.04 focal 20240731 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 22.04 jammy 20240808 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 24.04 noble,lts 20240806 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Blueprint Aliases Version Description anbox-cloud-appliance latest Anbox Cloud Appliance charm-dev latest A development and testing environment for charmers docker 0.4 A Docker environment with Portainer and related tools jellyfin latest Jellyfin is a Free Software Media System that puts you in control of managing and streaming your media. minikube latest minikube is local Kubernetes ros-noetic 0.1 A development and testing environment for ROS Noetic. ros2-humble 0.1 A development and testing environment for ROS 2 Humble. ``` ## Launch a fresh instance of the current Ubuntu LTS ``` $ multipass launch lts Launched: dancing-chipmunk ``` ## Check out the running instances ``` $ multipass list Name State IPv4 Image dancing-chipmunk Running 192.168.64.8 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS phlegmatic-bluebird Stopped -- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS docker Running 192.168.64.11 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 172.17.0.1 ``` ## Learn more about an instance ``` $ multipass info dancing-chipmunk Name: dancing-chipmunk State: Running Snapshots: 0 IPv4: 192.168.64.8 Release: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Image hash: e2608bfdbc44 (Ubuntu 24.04 LTS) CPU(s): 1 Load: 5.70 4.58 2.63 Disk usage: 3.3GiB out of 4.8GiB Memory usage: 769.0MiB out of 953.0MiB Mounts: -- ``` ## Connect to a running instance ``` $ multipass shell dancing-chipmunk Welcome to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.8.0-39-generic aarch64) ... ``` Don't forget to logout (or Ctrl-D) or you may find yourself heading all the way down Inception levels... ;) ## Run commands inside an instance from outside ``` $ multipass exec dancing-chipmunk -- lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Release: 24.04 Codename: noble ``` ## Stop an instance to save resources ``` $ multipass stop dancing-chipmunk ``` ## Delete an instance ``` $ multipass delete dancing-chipmunk ``` The instance will now show up as deleted: ``` $ multipass list Name State IPv4 Image dancing-chipmunk Deleted -- Ubuntu 24.04 LTS phlegmatic-bluebird Stopped -- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS docker Running 192.168.64.11 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 172.17.0.1 ``` If you want to completely get rid of it: ``` $ multipass purge ``` ## Get help ``` multipass help multipass help <command> ``` # Start developing Multipass Here's a set of steps to build the Multipass source code on Linux. Please note that these instructions do not support building packages for macOS or Windows systems. Note: if building on arm, s390x, ppc64le, or riscv, environment variable `VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES` must be set: ``` export VCPKG_FORCE_SYSTEM_BINARIES=1 ``` ## Build dependencies ``` cd <multipass> sudo apt install devscripts equivs mk-build-deps -s sudo -i ``` ## Build Multipass ``` cd <multipass> git submodule update --init --recursive mkdir build cd build cmake ../ make ``` Please note that if you're working on a forked repository that you created using the "Copy the main branch only" option, the repository will not include the necessary git tags to determine the Multipass version during CMake configuration. In this case, you need to manually fetch the tags from the upstream by running `git fetch --tags https://github.com/canonical/multipass.git` in the `<multipass>` source code directory. ## Run the Multipass daemon and client First, install Multipass's runtime dependencies. On AMD64 architecture, you can do this with: ``` sudo apt update sudo apt install libgl1 libpng16-16 libqt6core6 libqt6gui6 \ libqt6network6 libqt6widgets6 libxml2 libvirt0 dnsmasq-base \ dnsmasq-utils qemu-system-x86 qemu-utils libslang2 iproute2 \ iptables iputils-ping libatm1 libxtables12 xterm ``` Then run the Multipass daemon: ``` sudo <multipass>/build/bin/multipassd & ``` Copy the desktop file that Multipass clients expect to find in your home: ``` mkdir -p ~/.local/share/multipass/ cp <multipass>/data/multipass.gui.autostart.desktop ~/.local/share/multipass/ ``` Optionally, enable auto-complete in Bash: ``` source <multipass>/completions/bash/multipass ``` Now you can use the `multipass` command from your terminal (for example `<multipass>/build/bin/multipass launch --name foo`) or launch the GUI client with the command `<multipass>/build/bin/multipass.gui`. # Contributing guidelines The Multipass team appreciates contributions to the project, through pull requests, issues, or discussions and questions on the [Discourse forum](https://discourse.ubuntu.com/c/multipass/21). Please read the following guidelines carefully before contributing to the project. ## Code of Conduct When contributing, you must adhere to the [Code of Conduct](https://ubuntu.com/community/ethos/code-of-conduct). ## Copyright The code in this repository is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0. See [LICENSE](https://github.com/canonical/multipass/blob/main/LICENSE) for more information. ## License agreement All contributors must sign the [Canonical contributor license agreement (CLA)](https://ubuntu.com/legal/contributors), which gives Canonical permission to use the contributions. Without the CLA, contributions cannot be accepted. ## Pull requests Changes to this project should be proposed as pull requests. Proposed changes will then go through review and once approved, be merged into the main branch. # Additional information [Multipass documentation](https://canonical.com/multipass/docs) [gha-image]: https://github.com/canonical/multipass/workflows/Linux/badge.svg?branch=main [gha-url]: https://github.com/canonical/multipass/actions?query=branch%3Amain+workflow%3ALinux [snap-image]: https://snapcraft.io/multipass/badge.svg [snap-url]: https://snapcraft.io/multipass [codecov-image]: https://codecov.io/gh/canonical/multipass/branch/main/graph/badge.svg [codecov-url]: https://codecov.io/gh/canonical/multipass ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"6610","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"