base on SQL-first Golang ORM # Bun: SQL-first Golang ORM [](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/actions) [](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/uptrace/bun) [](https://bun.uptrace.dev/) [](https://discord.gg/rWtp5Aj) [](https://gurubase.io/g/bun) **Lightweight, SQL-first Golang ORM for PostgreSQL, MySQL, MSSQL, SQLite, and Oracle** Bun is a modern ORM that embraces SQL rather than hiding it. Write complex queries in Go with type safety, powerful scanning capabilities, and database-agnostic code that works across multiple SQL databases. ## ✨ Key Features - **SQL-first approach** - Write elegant, readable queries that feel like SQL - **Multi-database support** - PostgreSQL, MySQL/MariaDB, MSSQL, SQLite, and Oracle - **Type-safe operations** - Leverage Go's static typing for compile-time safety - **Flexible scanning** - Query results into structs, maps, scalars, or slices - **Performance optimized** - Built on `database/sql` with minimal overhead - **Rich relationships** - Define complex table relationships with struct tags - **Production ready** - Migrations, fixtures, soft deletes, and OpenTelemetry support ## 🚀 Quick Start ```bash go get github.com/uptrace/bun ``` ### Basic Example ```go package main import ( "context" "database/sql" "fmt" "github.com/uptrace/bun" "github.com/uptrace/bun/dialect/sqlitedialect" "github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/sqliteshim" ) func main() { ctx := context.Background() // Open database sqldb, err := sql.Open(sqliteshim.ShimName, "file::memory:") if err != nil { panic(err) } // Create Bun instance db := bun.NewDB(sqldb, sqlitedialect.New()) // Define model type User struct { ID int64 `bun:",pk,autoincrement"` Name string `bun:",notnull"` } // Create table db.NewCreateTable().Model((*User)(nil)).Exec(ctx) // Insert user user := &User{Name: "John Doe"} db.NewInsert().Model(user).Exec(ctx) // Query user err = db.NewSelect().Model(user).Where("id = ?", user.ID).Scan(ctx) fmt.Printf("User: %+v\n", user) } ``` ## 🎯 Why Choose Bun? ### Elegant Complex Queries Write sophisticated queries that remain readable and maintainable: ```go regionalSales := db.NewSelect(). ColumnExpr("region"). ColumnExpr("SUM(amount) AS total_sales"). TableExpr("orders"). GroupExpr("region") topRegions := db.NewSelect(). ColumnExpr("region"). TableExpr("regional_sales"). Where("total_sales > (SELECT SUM(total_sales) / 10 FROM regional_sales)") var results []struct { Region string `bun:"region"` Product string `bun:"product"` ProductUnits int `bun:"product_units"` ProductSales int `bun:"product_sales"` } err := db.NewSelect(). With("regional_sales", regionalSales). With("top_regions", topRegions). ColumnExpr("region, product"). ColumnExpr("SUM(quantity) AS product_units"). ColumnExpr("SUM(amount) AS product_sales"). TableExpr("orders"). Where("region IN (SELECT region FROM top_regions)"). GroupExpr("region, product"). Scan(ctx, &results) ``` ### Flexible Result Scanning Scan query results into various Go types: ```go // Into structs var users []User db.NewSelect().Model(&users).Scan(ctx) // Into maps var userMaps []map[string]interface{} db.NewSelect().Table("users").Scan(ctx, &userMaps) // Into scalars var count int db.NewSelect().Table("users").ColumnExpr("COUNT(*)").Scan(ctx, &count) // Into individual variables var id int64 var name string db.NewSelect().Table("users").Column("id", "name").Limit(1).Scan(ctx, &id, &name) ``` ## 📊 Database Support | Database | Driver | Dialect | | ------------- | ------------------------------------------ | --------------------- | | PostgreSQL | `github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/pgdriver` | `pgdialect.New()` | | MySQL/MariaDB | `github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql` | `mysqldialect.New()` | | SQLite | `github.com/uptrace/bun/driver/sqliteshim` | `sqlitedialect.New()` | | SQL Server | `github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb` | `mssqldialect.New()` | | Oracle | `github.com/sijms/go-ora/v2` | `oracledialect.New()` | ## 🔧 Advanced Features ### Table Relationships Define complex relationships with struct tags: ```go type User struct { ID int64 `bun:",pk,autoincrement"` Name string `bun:",notnull"` Posts []Post `bun:"rel:has-many,join:id=user_id"` Profile Profile `bun:"rel:has-one,join:id=user_id"` } type Post struct { ID int64 `bun:",pk,autoincrement"` Title string UserID int64 User *User `bun:"rel:belongs-to,join:user_id=id"` } // Load users with their posts var users []User err := db.NewSelect(). Model(&users). Relation("Posts"). Scan(ctx) ``` ### Bulk Operations Efficient bulk operations for large datasets: ```go // Bulk insert users := []User{{Name: "John"}, {Name: "Jane"}, {Name: "Bob"}} _, err := db.NewInsert().Model(&users).Exec(ctx) // Bulk update with CTE _, err = db.NewUpdate(). Model(&users). Set("updated_at = NOW()"). Where("active = ?", true). Exec(ctx) // Bulk delete _, err = db.NewDelete(). Model((*User)(nil)). Where("created_at < ?", time.Now().AddDate(-1, 0, 0)). Exec(ctx) ``` ### Migrations Version your database schema: ```go import "github.com/uptrace/bun/migrate" migrations := migrate.NewMigrations() migrations.MustRegister(func(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error { _, err := db.NewCreateTable().Model((*User)(nil)).Exec(ctx) return err }, func(ctx context.Context, db *bun.DB) error { _, err := db.NewDropTable().Model((*User)(nil)).Exec(ctx) return err }) migrator := migrate.NewMigrator(db, migrations) err := migrator.Init(ctx) err = migrator.Up(ctx) ``` ## 📈 Monitoring & Observability ### Debug Queries Enable query logging for development: ```go import "github.com/uptrace/bun/extra/bundebug" db.AddQueryHook(bundebug.NewQueryHook( bundebug.WithVerbose(true), )) ``` ### OpenTelemetry Integration Production-ready observability with distributed tracing: ```go import "github.com/uptrace/bun/extra/bunotel" db.AddQueryHook(bunotel.NewQueryHook( bunotel.WithDBName("myapp"), )) ``` > **Monitoring made easy**: Bun is brought to you by ⭐ > [**uptrace/uptrace**](https://github.com/uptrace/uptrace). Uptrace is an open-source APM tool that > supports distributed tracing, metrics, and logs. You can use it to monitor applications and set up > automatic alerts to receive notifications via email, Slack, Telegram, and others. > > See [OpenTelemetry example](example/opentelemetry) which demonstrates how you can use Uptrace to > monitor Bun. ## 📚 Documentation & Resources - **[Getting Started Guide](https://bun.uptrace.dev/guide/golang-orm.html)** - Comprehensive tutorial - **[API Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/uptrace/bun)** - Complete package documentation - **[Examples](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/tree/master/example)** - Working code samples - **[Starter Kit](https://github.com/go-bun/bun-starter-kit)** - Production-ready template - **[Community Discussions](https://github.com/uptrace/bun/discussions)** - Get help and share ideas ## 🤝 Contributing We welcome contributions! Please see our [Contributing Guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details on how to get started. **Thanks to all our contributors:** <a href="https://github.com/uptrace/bun/graphs/contributors"> <img src="https://contributors-img.web.app/image?repo=uptrace/bun" alt="Contributors" /> </a> ## 🔗 Related Projects - **[Golang HTTP router](https://github.com/uptrace/bunrouter)** - Fast and flexible HTTP router - **[Golang msgpack](https://github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack)** - High-performance MessagePack serialization --- <div align="center"> <strong>Star ⭐ this repo if you find Bun useful!</strong><br> _{Join our community on <a href="https://discord.gg/rWtp5Aj">Discord</a> • Follow updates on <a href="https://github.com/uptrace/bun">GitHub</a>} </div> ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"7420","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"