base on An extremely fast Python package and project manager, written in Rust. # uv [](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv) [](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uv) [](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uv) [](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uv) [](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/actions) [](https://discord.gg/astral-sh) An extremely fast Python package and project manager, written in Rust. <p align="center"> <picture align="center"> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/assets/1309177/03aa9163-1c79-4a87-a31d-7a9311ed9310"> <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" srcset="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/assets/1309177/629e59c0-9c6e-4013-9ad4-adb2bcf5080d"> <img alt="Shows a bar chart with benchmark results." src="https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/assets/1309177/629e59c0-9c6e-4013-9ad4-adb2bcf5080d"> </picture> </p> <p align="center"> <i>Installing <a href="https://trio.readthedocs.io/">Trio</a>'s dependencies with a warm cache.</i> </p> ## Highlights - 🚀 A single tool to replace `pip`, `pip-tools`, `pipx`, `poetry`, `pyenv`, `twine`, `virtualenv`, and more. - ⚡️ [10-100x faster](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/blob/main/BENCHMARKS.md) than `pip`. - 🐍 [Installs and manages](#python-management) Python versions. - 🛠️ [Runs and installs](#tool-management) Python applications. - ❇️ [Runs single-file scripts](#script-support), with support for [inline dependency metadata](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/scripts#declaring-script-dependencies). - 🗂️ Provides [comprehensive project management](#project-management), with a [universal lockfile](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/concepts/projects#project-lockfile). - 🔩 Includes a [pip-compatible interface](#a-pip-compatible-interface) for a performance boost with a familiar CLI. - 🏢 Supports Cargo-style [workspaces](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/concepts/workspaces) for scalable projects. - 💾 Disk-space efficient, with a [global cache](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/concepts/cache) for dependency deduplication. - ⏬ Installable without Rust or Python via `curl` or `pip`. - 🖥️ Supports macOS, Linux, and Windows. uv is backed by [Astral](https://astral.sh), the creators of [Ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff). ## Installation Install uv with our standalone installers: ```bash # On macOS and Linux. curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh ``` ```bash # On Windows. powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -c "irm https://astral.sh/uv/install.ps1 | iex" ``` Or, from [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/uv/): ```bash # With pip. pip install uv ``` ```bash # Or pipx. pipx install uv ``` If installed via the standalone installer, uv can update itself to the latest version: ```bash uv self update ``` See the [installation documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/) for details and alternative installation methods. ## Documentation uv's documentation is available at [docs.astral.sh/uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv). Additionally, the command line reference documentation can be viewed with `uv help`. ## Features ### Project management uv manages project dependencies and environments, with support for lockfiles, workspaces, and more, similar to `rye` or `poetry`: ```console $ uv init example Initialized project `example` at `/home/user/example` $ cd example $ uv add ruff Creating virtual environment at: .venv Resolved 2 packages in 170ms Built example @ file:///home/user/example Prepared 2 packages in 627ms Installed 2 packages in 1ms + example==0.1.0 (from file:///home/user/example) + ruff==0.5.0 $ uv run ruff check All checks passed! ``` See the [project documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/projects/) to get started. uv also supports building and publishing projects, even if they're not managed with uv. See the [publish guide](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/publish/) to learn more. ### Tool management uv executes and installs command-line tools provided by Python packages, similar to `pipx`. Run a tool in an ephemeral environment using `uvx` (an alias for `uv tool run`): ```console $ uvx pycowsay 'hello world!' Resolved 1 package in 167ms Installed 1 package in 9ms + pycowsay==0.0.0.2 """ ------------ < hello world! > ------------ \ ^__^ \ (oo)\_______ (__)\ )\/\ ||----w | || || ``` Install a tool with `uv tool install`: ```console $ uv tool install ruff Resolved 1 package in 6ms Installed 1 package in 2ms + ruff==0.5.0 Installed 1 executable: ruff $ ruff --version ruff 0.5.0 ``` See the [tools documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/tools/) to get started. ### Python management uv installs Python and allows quickly switching between versions. Install multiple Python versions: ```console $ uv python install 3.10 3.11 3.12 Searching for Python versions matching: Python 3.10 Searching for Python versions matching: Python 3.11 Searching for Python versions matching: Python 3.12 Installed 3 versions in 3.42s + cpython-3.10.14-macos-aarch64-none + cpython-3.11.9-macos-aarch64-none + cpython-3.12.4-macos-aarch64-none ``` Download Python versions as needed: ```console $ uv venv --python 3.12.0 Using Python 3.12.0 Creating virtual environment at: .venv Activate with: source .venv/bin/activate $ uv run --python [email protected] -- python --version Python 3.8.16 (a9dbdca6fc3286b0addd2240f11d97d8e8de187a, Dec 29 2022, 11:45:30) [PyPy 7.3.11 with GCC Apple LLVM 13.1.6 (clang-1316.0.21.2.5)] on darwin Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>>> ``` Use a specific Python version in the current directory: ```console $ uv python pin 3.11 Pinned `.python-version` to `3.11` ``` See the [Python installation documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/install-python/) to get started. ### Script support uv manages dependencies and environments for single-file scripts. Create a new script and add inline metadata declaring its dependencies: ```console $ echo 'import requests; print(requests.get("https://astral.sh"))' > example.py $ uv add --script example.py requests Updated `example.py` ``` Then, run the script in an isolated virtual environment: ```console $ uv run example.py Reading inline script metadata from: example.py Installed 5 packages in 12ms <Response [200]> ``` See the [scripts documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/scripts/) to get started. ### A pip-compatible interface uv provides a drop-in replacement for common `pip`, `pip-tools`, and `virtualenv` commands. uv extends their interfaces with advanced features, such as dependency version overrides, platform-independent resolutions, reproducible resolutions, alternative resolution strategies, and more. Migrate to uv without changing your existing workflows — and experience a 10-100x speedup — with the `uv pip` interface. Compile requirements into a platform-independent requirements file: ```console $ uv pip compile docs/requirements.in \ --universal \ --output-file docs/requirements.txt Resolved 43 packages in 12ms ``` Create a virtual environment: ```console $ uv venv Using Python 3.12.3 Creating virtual environment at: .venv Activate with: source .venv/bin/activate ``` Install the locked requirements: ```console $ uv pip sync docs/requirements.txt Resolved 43 packages in 11ms Installed 43 packages in 208ms + babel==2.15.0 + black==24.4.2 + certifi==2024.7.4 ... ``` See the [pip interface documentation](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/pip/index/) to get started. ## Platform support See uv's [platform support](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/reference/platforms/) document. ## Versioning policy See uv's [versioning policy](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/reference/versioning/) document. ## Contributing We are passionate about supporting contributors of all levels of experience and would love to see you get involved in the project. See the [contributing guide](https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) to get started. ## Acknowledgements uv's dependency resolver uses [PubGrub](https://github.com/pubgrub-rs/pubgrub) under the hood. We're grateful to the PubGrub maintainers, especially [Jacob Finkelman](https://github.com/Eh2406), for their support. uv's Git implementation is based on [Cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo). Some of uv's optimizations are inspired by the great work we've seen in [pnpm](https://pnpm.io/), [Orogene](https://github.com/orogene/orogene), and [Bun](https://github.com/oven-sh/bun). We've also learned a lot from Nathaniel J. Smith's [Posy](https://github.com/njsmith/posy) and adapted its [trampoline](https://github.com/njsmith/posy/tree/main/src/trampolines/windows-trampolines/posy-trampoline) for Windows support. ## License uv is licensed under either of - Apache License, Version 2.0, ([LICENSE-APACHE](LICENSE-APACHE) or <https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0>) - MIT license ([LICENSE-MIT](LICENSE-MIT) or <https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>) at your option. Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in uv by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be dually licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions. <div align="center"> <a target="_blank" href="https://astral.sh" style="background:none"> <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astral-sh/uv/main/assets/svg/Astral.svg" alt="Made by Astral"> </a> </div> ", Assign "at most 3 tags" to the expected json: {"id":"7901","tags":[]} "only from the tags list I provide: [{"id":77,"name":"3d"},{"id":89,"name":"agent"},{"id":17,"name":"ai"},{"id":54,"name":"algorithm"},{"id":24,"name":"api"},{"id":44,"name":"authentication"},{"id":3,"name":"aws"},{"id":27,"name":"backend"},{"id":60,"name":"benchmark"},{"id":72,"name":"best-practices"},{"id":39,"name":"bitcoin"},{"id":37,"name":"blockchain"},{"id":1,"name":"blog"},{"id":45,"name":"bundler"},{"id":58,"name":"cache"},{"id":21,"name":"chat"},{"id":49,"name":"cicd"},{"id":4,"name":"cli"},{"id":64,"name":"cloud-native"},{"id":48,"name":"cms"},{"id":61,"name":"compiler"},{"id":68,"name":"containerization"},{"id":92,"name":"crm"},{"id":34,"name":"data"},{"id":47,"name":"database"},{"id":8,"name":"declarative-gui "},{"id":9,"name":"deploy-tool"},{"id":53,"name":"desktop-app"},{"id":6,"name":"dev-exp-lib"},{"id":59,"name":"dev-tool"},{"id":13,"name":"ecommerce"},{"id":26,"name":"editor"},{"id":66,"name":"emulator"},{"id":62,"name":"filesystem"},{"id":80,"name":"finance"},{"id":15,"name":"firmware"},{"id":73,"name":"for-fun"},{"id":2,"name":"framework"},{"id":11,"name":"frontend"},{"id":22,"name":"game"},{"id":81,"name":"game-engine "},{"id":23,"name":"graphql"},{"id":84,"name":"gui"},{"id":91,"name":"http"},{"id":5,"name":"http-client"},{"id":51,"name":"iac"},{"id":30,"name":"ide"},{"id":78,"name":"iot"},{"id":40,"name":"json"},{"id":83,"name":"julian"},{"id":38,"name":"k8s"},{"id":31,"name":"language"},{"id":10,"name":"learning-resource"},{"id":33,"name":"lib"},{"id":41,"name":"linter"},{"id":28,"name":"lms"},{"id":16,"name":"logging"},{"id":76,"name":"low-code"},{"id":90,"name":"message-queue"},{"id":42,"name":"mobile-app"},{"id":18,"name":"monitoring"},{"id":36,"name":"networking"},{"id":7,"name":"node-version"},{"id":55,"name":"nosql"},{"id":57,"name":"observability"},{"id":46,"name":"orm"},{"id":52,"name":"os"},{"id":14,"name":"parser"},{"id":74,"name":"react"},{"id":82,"name":"real-time"},{"id":56,"name":"robot"},{"id":65,"name":"runtime"},{"id":32,"name":"sdk"},{"id":71,"name":"search"},{"id":63,"name":"secrets"},{"id":25,"name":"security"},{"id":85,"name":"server"},{"id":86,"name":"serverless"},{"id":70,"name":"storage"},{"id":75,"name":"system-design"},{"id":79,"name":"terminal"},{"id":29,"name":"testing"},{"id":12,"name":"ui"},{"id":50,"name":"ux"},{"id":88,"name":"video"},{"id":20,"name":"web-app"},{"id":35,"name":"web-server"},{"id":43,"name":"webassembly"},{"id":69,"name":"workflow"},{"id":87,"name":"yaml"}]" returns me the "expected json"